挪威Storgama小型源头集水区积雪操控实验:对无机氮淋溶的影响  

Manipulation of Snow in Small Headwater Catchments at Storgama,Norway:Effects on Leaching of Inorganic Nitrogen

作　　者：Φyvind Kaste Kari Austnes Live Semb Vestgarden Richard F.Wright 陶书田 

机构地区：[1]挪威水研究所 [2]挪威生命科学大学

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2008年第1期27-35,共9页

摘　　要：我们对挪威南部山区石南荒地的小型源头集水区冬令时期土壤温度机制进行了操控实验,以研究土壤温度对径流中无机氮浓度和通量的可能影响。实验包括两个集水区土壤的隔热处理,以使土壤在整个冬季保持零上温度;另两个集水区的去除积雪处理,以促使土壤冻结。冬季土壤温度升高增加了春季径流中铵氮(NH_4)和硝酸盐(NO_3)的浓度和通量。相反,去除积雪覆盖,土壤显著冻结,则对无机氮浓度和通量没有系统的影响。我们的实验结果表明,暖冬较高的土壤温度或者较厚的积雪覆盖意味着这一地区无机氮淋溶的风险更大,而雪盖减少导致的土壤冻结事件,造成的无机氮淋溶增加的风险则不大。We have manipulated the winter-time soil temperature regime of small headwater catchments in a montane heathland area of southern Norway to study the possible effects on concentrations and fluxes of inorganic nitrogen in runoff.The experiments included extra insulation of soils in two catchments to prevent subzero temperatures during winter,and removal of snow in two other catchments to promote soil frost.Increased soil temperatures during winter increased the springtime concentrations and fluxes of ammonium (NH_4) and nitrate (NO_3) in runoff.By contrast,snow removal with development of significant soil frost showed no systematic effects on mean concentrations or fluxes of inorganic N.The results from our experiments suggest that warmer soils during winter caused by exceptionally mild winters,or alternatively a heavy snowpack,imply a greater risk for inorganic N leaching in this region than a possible increase of soil frost events because of reduced snow cover.

关 键 词：集水区 氮淋溶 无机 实验 积雪 操控 源头 挪威 

分 类 号：S715.1[农业科学—林学] S532