不同水肥组合对红壤地区早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of N and Water Coupling on Early-Rice Yield and N Use Efficiency in Red Soil Regions

作　　者：王国强[1,2] 周静[2] 崔键[3] 刘方平 梁举 李辉信[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,南京210008 [4]江西省赣抚平原水利工程管理局灌溉试验站,合肥230036

出　　处：《土壤》2008年第3期392-398,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40305019)资助。

摘　　要：在田间条件下,研究不同水分、施N量和N肥运筹方式对红壤地区早稻产量、产量构成因素及N肥利用率的影响。试验结果表明:水稻间歇灌溉比淹水灌溉显著提高早稻单位面积有效穗数、千粒重和产量,早稻的植株吸N量可以提高1.7%～6.2%,而N肥表观利用率低于淹水灌溉;随施N量的增加,早稻千粒重和结实率降低,但单位面积有效分穗数、产量、植株吸N量和N肥利用率增加;不同N肥运筹方式对水稻产量构成因素的影响因灌溉方式和施肥量差异而表现出不同规律,分次施肥显著提高了早稻产量、植株吸N量和N肥利用率,但分3次施肥和分4次施肥时上述3个指标并无差异。结果显示:在采用间歇灌溉、施N肥量为210 kg/hm^2、N肥运筹方式为基肥50%+分蘖肥30%+拔节肥20%的水肥管理措施更具有合理性,该种措施比农民习惯采用的淹水灌溉、施N肥量为140 kg/hm^2、N肥运筹方式为基肥50%+分蘖肥30%+拔节肥20%的水肥管理措施植株吸N量提高50.9 kg/hm^2(34.3%),产量提高631 kg/hm^2 (11.1%),其N肥利用率为36.7%,是红壤地区兼顾生产、生态和经济效益的理想稻田种植措施。In a field experiment, effects of variation of the use of water and N fertilizer on early-rice yield, yield composition and N use efficiency in red soil regions were studied. Results showed that in comparison with flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation increased the number of valid panicles per unit area, 1000-grain weight and yield of rice, and total N uptake by 1.7% - 6.2%, but decreased apparent N recovery rate; with the rise of nitrogen application rate, 1000-grain wt and seed setting rate decreased, but the number of valid panicles per unit area, yield, total N uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency increased; the effects of N application pattern on yield composition of early-rice varied with irrigation method and N application rate, showed a different changing rule, moreover, split application significantly increased yield, total N uptake and apparent N recovery efficiency, but did not show much difference three and four times of split application. From the experiment it can be concluded that the yield and the nitrogen uptake of the crop was the most reasonable when intermittent irrigation, and application of 210 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen split into 50% as basal, 30% at tillering and 20% at panicle forming as sidedressing were adopted. Comparing with the conventional farming practice of the local farmers, this treatment could increase yield by 11.1%, and N uptake by 34.3%, and raise apparent N use efficiency up to 36.7%. It is an ideal treatment taking account of production, ecological, and economical benefits.

关 键 词：水稻 产量结构 水氮耦合 吸氮量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]