试论营销型城市增长策略及其效应反思——基于城市增长机器理论的分析  

RESEARCH ON THE GROWTH STRATEGY OF CITY PROMOTION AND ITS EFFECTS ——Based on the Theory of Urban Growth Machine

作　　者：张京祥[1] 于涛[1] 殷洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与区域规划系,南京210093

出　　处：《人文地理》2008年第3期7-11,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40471042);教育部"新世纪优秀人才计划"项目

摘　　要：面对全球化所营造的激烈竞争环境,1990年代以来西方城市治理发生了重大转型,普遍从福利型政府向企业型政府转向,大力实施了营销型城市增长策略。在国内、国际环境转变的双重压力下,以土地储备为重点的城市经营和以大事件为载体的城市营销正被中国诸多城市政府所积极采用,因而城市治理表现出显著的企业化倾向。在实施营销型城市增长策略的过程中,官商利益联盟共同推进了城市的增长,并各自产生了明显的利益寻租行为。文章基于制度经济学的分析方法,透过城市增长机器理论的视角,剖析了营销型城市增长策略的形成机制和利益格局,并以南京市土地储备和奥体新城建设的案例,揭示了其所导致的经济、社会与空间负效应。文章认为,城市内生竞争力的提高必须摈弃营销型增长策略的功利模式,推进城市政府从单一目标的"增长型政府"向综合目标的"发展型政府"的转变。In the fierce competitive environment of economic globalization, marketization and administrative decentralization, a lot of urban governments in China have regarded economic growth as the primary development goal and implemented various urban marketing strategies in order to promote it. The traditional regulatory pattern of urban governance has been changed to entrepreneurial and profit-pursuing ones. Urban government has become super-level enterprise by utilizing administrative and land resources, which are monopolized by it. All kinds of project image, market-directed land transferring and great event brought about by governments are included in urban growth marketing strategies. This paper, from the perspective of systematic economics, reveals that in the course of urban marketing, local governments and investors have formed various beneficiary coalitions, and urban growth machine is coming into being. While such a marketing strategy obtains short-term, superficial economic growth and tremendous changes of urban landscape, it has also caused severe side effects in economy, society and space, leading to urban dimensional expanding and land use inefficiency and ignoring common benefit and social fairness. It＇s believed that under the fierce competitive circumstances, urban marketing is a process of spatial reproduction of cities, a strategic instrument for capital increment promoted by urban governments. It is impractical to keep local governments out of the profit-pursuing pattern of urban growth machine. At any rate, pure utilitarian mode of official-business coalition must be abandoned, and endogenetic and sustainable urban marketing strategy should be established, so as to give a boost to the transformation of urban government from ＇growth one as single aim＇ to ＇developing one as overall aims＇. The so-called endogenetic urban marketing strategy stresses upgrading of urban long-term competitiveness and sustainable developing ability, better coordination and long-term mutual action between local

关 键 词：全球竞争 治理转型 城市营销 增长机器 

分 类 号：F291.1[经济管理—国民经济]