石竹雄性不育系小孢子形成过程的细胞学观察  

Cytological Observation of Microsporogenesis in Male-Sterile Lines of Chinese Pink (Dianthus chinensis L.)

作　　者：傅小鹏[1] 胡金义[1] 胡惠蓉[1] 包满珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院/园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第7期2085-2091,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"948"项目(2003-Z36)

摘　　要：【目的】研究石竹不育系与可育系小孢子形成过程的异同。【方法】利用压片及石蜡切片等方法观察石竹雄性不育系与可育系小孢子发育过程。该不育系(H-37B)是通过在石竹自交6代的自交系中发现的1株雄性不育株与可育株经过连续杂交和2代回交获得的不育系(H-37B)。【结果】可育系小孢子发育经历了造孢细胞、小孢子母细胞、四分体等时期,最后发育成花粉。不育系败育现象在造孢细胞增殖期、小孢子母细胞减数分裂期以及四分体至单核期都有发生。石竹可育花粉外形饱满,圆形,生活力强;而不育花粉外形空瘪,不规则,无生活力。【结论】绒毡层的异常发育是导致小孢子败育的主要原因。[Objective] Difference of microsporogenesis between the male-sterile line and fertile line of Chinese pink was studied. [ Method ]The microsporogenesis process of male sterile and fertile lines in Chinese pink was histologically examined using squashed pollen and paraffin embedded sections. A stable male-sterile line （H-37B） was obtained from one 6 generations inbred lines crossed for several rounds and 2 generations＇ backcross. [Result] In fertile line, development of the mature pollen grains was followed through the initiation of the sporogenous cell, microsporocyte formation and the tetrad developmental period. In the male-sterile line, abortion of the developing pollen grains was observed to take place at various stages, namely, sporogenous cell growth, mother cell meiosis and tetrad transformation to the uni-nuclear state. The pollen grains of the fertile line were spheroid, turgid and viable. By contrast, the male sterile line produced pollen that was irregular in shape, empty and non-viable. [ Conclusion] The abortion of the microspore is mainly resulted from the exceptionally growth of the tapetum layer.

关 键 词：石竹 小孢子发育 雄性不育 石蜡切片 

分 类 号：S682.19[农业科学—观赏园艺]