低硼对甘蓝型黄籽油菜与黑籽油菜花期生理特性的影响  

EFFECTS OF LOW SOIL BORON CONTENT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YELLOW-AND BLACK-SEEDED RAPE(BRASSICA NAPUS L.) AT FLOWERING STAGE

作　　者：张子龙[1] 李加纳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《土壤学报》2008年第4期718-724,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"甘蓝型油菜优质高效黄籽性状的遗传基础研究"(30330400);农业部948项目"油菜特异资源和育种新技术的引进;改良及创新研究"(2003-Q04)资助

摘　　要：为探索甘蓝型黄籽油菜与黑籽油菜花期相关生理特性对低硼的响应差异,以2个具有相同遗传来源的黄籽(L1)和黑籽(L2)油菜基因型为材料,研究了田间条件下低硼处理对甘蓝型黄、黑籽油菜花期部分生理特性的影响。结果表明,低硼处理后黄籽油菜下部叶片中养分的再利用能力降低,而黑籽油菜仍有一定的养分可供利用;无论黄籽油菜还是黑籽油菜,低硼处理均使其花器官形态变小,干重下降,低硼对黄籽油菜雌雄蕊长度的影响大于黑籽;甘蓝型黄、黑籽油菜的花粉活力在低硼处理后明显降低,但黄籽油菜无活力花粉的比率明显高于黑籽油菜;低硼使甘蓝型油菜雄蕊和雌蕊中的可溶性糖、淀粉、游离脯氨酸以及可溶性蛋白质含量降低,黄籽油菜的降低幅度明显大于黑籽油菜。与相同遗传来源的黑籽油菜相比,甘蓝型黄籽油菜花期的相关生理特性更易受低硼的影响。Rape （Brassica napus L. ） is sensitive to boron deficiency and usually gets depressed in production when it becomes severe. Boron deficiency restrains reproductive growth more than vegetative growth of rape. Yellow-seeded rape （Brassica napus L. ） is characterized by thinner seed coat and lower hull percentage, which is correlated with higher oil, high protein, and lower crude fiber contents as is compared with black-seeded rape. Therefore, breeding of yellow-seeded rape has become one of the main objectives in rapeseed production. To realize that target, it is important to explore physiological characteristics of yellow-seeded rape in soils low in boron content at the flowering stage, and differences between yellow-seeded and black-seeded rapes. Two isogenic genotypes of rapes, yellow-seeded and black -seeded rapes （Brassica napus L. ） were used in a field experiment for that purpose. Results show that in soils low in boron content, black-seeded rape was more capable than yellow-seeded rape of redistributing N, P and K in bottom leaves of the plants. Low soil boron content led to reduction of size and dry weight of floral organs, of either yellow-seeded or black-seeded rape, affected, the lengths of pistil and stamen more of yellow-seeded rape than of black-seeded rape, and dulled the viability of pollens of both rape genotypes, but the effect was more obvious on yellow-seeded rape than on black-seeded rape. Besides, low soil boron content lowered the contents of soluble sugar, starch, free proline and soluble protein in the stamen and pistils of both rape genotypes, but the effect was more significant on yellow-seeded rape than black-seeded one. Compared to blackseeded rape, yellow-seeded rape was more sensitive to boron deficiency.

关 键 词：甘蓝型黄籽油菜 甘蓝型黑籽油菜 低硼 花期 生理特性 

分 类 号：S153.8[农业科学—土壤学]