氮磷钾不同配比对小麦产量及肥料利用率的影响  

Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Wheat Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency

作　　者：谭和芳 谢金学 汪吉东[2] 薛冬娥 张永春[2] 常志州[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省丹阳市农林局土肥站,江苏丹阳212300 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2008年第3期279-283,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家支撑计划(2006BAD25B07-03);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(Jiangsu-10);农业部2005年测土配方施肥试点补贴资金项目[苏农计(2005)157号、苏财农(2005)218号]

摘　　要：应用“3414”田间试验方案研究不同氮磷钾配比对小麦产量的影响，建立丹阳地区小麦产量（Y）与氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）肥用量的肥料效应函数Y=141．84＋18．16N-2．36N^2＋8．73P-1．93P^2＋9．81K-0．97K^2＋0．07NP＋0．46NK＋1．32PK，获得在丹阳地区粉沙土中等地力水平下小麦的最佳经济产量为5152．1kg／hm^2，氮、磷、钾的最佳施用量为N216．0kg／hm^2、P20577．2kg／hm^2、K20122．6kg／hm^2。肥料效应方程表明，氮肥对小麦的增产增效最明显，其次是钾肥。氮、磷、钾肥料配合施用能促进小麦对氮、磷、钾的吸收。在氮肥处理中，N1水平（94．5kg／hm^2）的氮素利用率为34．5％～44．4％，高于N2水平（189．0kg／hm^2），N3水平（283．5kg／hm^2）最低，仅为29．2％；磷、钾肥利用率的变化趋势与氮肥类似。Field experiments were conducted to study effects of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers application on yields and nutrients use efficiency of wheat in Danyang city. Regression equations of wheat yield to the amous of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash applied were estimated, i. e. Y = 141.84 ＋ 18. 16N - 2. 36N2 ＋ 8.73P - 1.93P^2 ＋ 9. 81K - 0. 97 K^2 ＋ 0. 07NP ＋ 0. 46NK ＋ 1.32PK. The maximum wheat yield of 5 152. 1 kg/hm^2 calculated from the regression equation occurred when the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash reached 216. 0 kg/hm^2 , 77.2 kg/hm^2 and 122.6 kg/hm^2 respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer had greatest effect on yield of wheat, followed by phosphorus and potash. Combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers could enhance the absorption of N, P, K of wheat markedly. The highest NUE were between 34. 5% and 44.4% with application rate of N1 level, while the lowest NUE of 29. 2% occurred with N3 level. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers utilization showed the similar trends.

关 键 词：氮磷钾配比 小麦产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]