新县制“政教合一”的演进和背景  

The Evolution and Background of the "Integration of Education and Politics" in the New County Organization System

作　　者：曹天忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2008年第4期74-91,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：桑兵教授主持的教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关资助课题"近代中国的知识与制度转型"(05JZD00011)子课题;广东省哲学社会科学规划办资助课题"近代岭南学术研究与‘两广精神’"(03104G01)阶段性成果

摘　　要：新县制中的政教合一,先后经历了政教合长、政教分长、政教相连的演进、冲突和调整。其中的焦点是政教合长中的一人兼三长,是以乡镇保长为主体、以校长为兼职,还是以校长为主体、以乡镇保长为兼职的人事冲突。这在主观上与政教两界,包括掌控教育、内政两部的CC派与新政学系利益博弈相关,客观上则受经济水平以及社会综合与分工矛盾的制约,不宜简单以加强思想统制进行否定。这些一波三折的纠葛,揭示了理论上不成问题的政教关系,在近代中国的特定境遇下和实际运作中,大成问题的复杂面相。The integration of education and politics in the New County Organization System underwent successive processes of evolution, conflict and adjustment as education and politics passed through phases of combination, separation, and joining hands. The crux of the process was during the phase of 'combining education and politics,' when the three positions of village (town) headman, Bao head and school headmaster were held by one person. The main problem was a personnel conflict: should the leader treat village headman and Bao head as his main positions, with school headmaster as concurrent post? Or should he treat school headmaster as his main position, with village headman and Bao head as concurrent posts? Subjectively, the 'integration of education and politics' was related to a conflict of interests between political and education circles, including that between the CC Faction in control of the ministries of Education and Interior Affairs, and the New Political Sciences Faction. Objectively, it was confined by economic level, and by contradictions between social synthesis and the division of labor. We can not simply condemn it by saying that its aim was to strengthen thought control. These tortured disputes show that the relationship between education and politics, which theoretically should be non-problematic, had complex dimensions in modern China's particular environment and actual practice.

关 键 词：新县制 政教合一 CC派 新政学系 综合与分工 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学]