流域土地利用/覆被变化的洪水响应——以太湖上游西苕溪流域为例  

Flood response to land-use and land-cover change:a case study of Xitiao Rivulet Basin in upper reach of Taihu Lake

作　　者：万荣荣[1] 杨桂山[1] 李恒鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2008年第3期10-15,共6页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-331)

摘　　要：土地利用/覆被变化是影响流域洪涝灾害的重要因素。基于太湖流域在全国的重要性及太湖流域土地利用/覆被变化洪水效应研究的迫切性,选择太湖上游西苕溪流域为研究对象,利用分布式水文模型HEC-HMS模拟了5种土地利用情景下的2次典型洪水过程,定量分析了单一土地利用/覆被对洪水过程的影响程度。结果表明,对于同场降雨,5种土地利用类型的洪水总量和洪峰流量大小顺序为:林地<疏林灌丛<草地<耕地<建设用地;涨水历时长短顺序为:林地>疏林灌丛>草地>耕地>建设用地;峰现时间出现最早的是建设用地,其次是耕地、草地、疏林灌丛地和林地。建设用地对暴雨洪水过程影响最为显著,不仅使得最大洪峰流量和洪水总量增大,汇流时间变短,还大大改变了洪峰形态,使流域原有的坦化洪水波形的能力降低。城市化会严重加剧流域暴雨洪水,而森林则有利于缓和流域暴雨洪水过程。Land-use and land-cover change is one of the main factors that affect flood disaster. Owing to the importance of Lake Taihu Watershed and the imminency of the impacts of land use/cover change （LUCC） on flood, flood events of five land use scenarios in Xitiao Rivulet Basin in the upeer reach of Lake Taihu Watershed are simulated by distributed hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS. The influences of each land use/cover on small time scale flood are discussed. It is concluded that under the same rainfall the order of flood discharge and peak flow induced by the 5 different land-use are as follows ： woodland 〈 shrubbery 〈 grassland 〈 arable land 〈 construction-used land; the order of swelling time are as follows： woodland 〉 shrubbery 〉 grassland 〉 arable land 〉 construction-used land. Scenario of construction-used land is the first to reach peak flow, then arable land, grassland, shrubbery, and woodland. The impacts of construction-used land on flood are so dramatically that flood discharge increases, maximum peak flow and runoff concentration time decrease, the flood wave changes remarkably. Urbanization will contribute to flood disaster, while forestation will mitigate flood disaster.

关 键 词：土地利用/覆被变化 洪水响应 水文模型 情景模拟 西苕溪流域 

分 类 号：P343.9[天文地球—水文科学]