冬闲田稻草覆盖的环境效应  

Environmental Effect of Straw Mulching During Winter Fallow Season in Paddy Rice Field

作　　者：尹春梅[1] 王凯荣[1] 谢小立[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第4期1633-1637,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目(KZCX2-YW-423);国家973项目(2005CB121106);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3-SW-441)

摘　　要：稻草覆盖和裸田休闲是我国南方双季稻区的两种主要的冬季休闲模式。以湖南红壤丘陵双季稻作区为研究区域,以耕层土壤温度、湿度、田间冬季杂草生长、CO2气体排放为主要指标,研究了稻草覆盖与裸田越冬两种冬季休闲模式对稻田土壤温、湿度和碳通量的影响。结果表明,冬季稻田覆盖稻草能显著提高0～5cm表层土壤温度和0～15cm耕层土壤的水分含量,抑制冬季田间杂草生长,并显著提高向大气的CO2排放通量,致使冬闲稻田由大气CO2汇转变为CO2源。但是,如果考虑覆盖稻草输入的有机碳量,覆盖休闲则可增加土壤碳的库容量。Straw mulch is a very common measure during wintry fallow period that can last over five months in most of southern China, However, few studies have investigated the effects of straw mulch during the winter fallow season. An experiment was started at the Taoyuan Agro-ecological station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to study the effect of straw mulching on the agro-ecosystem and settle a foundation for exploring economically feasible and eco-friendly mulching options. Two treatments were tested：mulching with 4 000 kg·hm^-2 straw in winter and 3 500 kg·hm^-2 straw in late spring per year, and a no straw mulch control. Both treatments were replicated twice in a completely randomized block design. Throughout the experiment, we monitored the dynamics of soil temperature and moisture, the CO2 fluxes from the wintry paddy ecosystem, and investigated the growth of weeds. The results showed that straw mulch increased the soil temperature, retarded the loss of surface soil moisture, checked weed growth, and strongly influenced the CO2 fluxes between agro-ecosystems and atmosphere. And if take the input of organic carbon from rice straw into consideration, mulch had a positive effect to soil carbon pool during the wintry fallow period.

关 键 词：稻草覆盖 土壤含水量 土壤温度 杂草 CO2通量 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]