粗山羊草抗白粉病性鉴定及与普通小麦远缘杂交研究  

Study on identification of disease resistance of powdery mildew in Aegilops tauschii & distant cross of Triticum aestivum L. and Aegilops tauschii

作　　者：张海泉[1] 马淑琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学生物科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050061 [2]云南省农业科学院粮作所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第7期71-78,84,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河北省科学技术研究与发展指导计划项目"微卫星标记小麦野生资源抗病基因及抗病基因的利用"(05225510);河北省教育厅科学研究计划项目"微卫星标记小麦抗白粉病基因"(Z2006103)

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定粗山羊草对小麦白粉病的抗性,用远缘杂交的方法将其抗病基因转移到普通小麦中。【方法】用离体叶段鉴定和田间鉴定相结合的方法,对来自不同产地的38份粗山羊草进行白粉病抗性鉴定,用普通小麦与粗山羊草配制正反交组合。【结果】38份粗山羊草中,对小麦白粉病免疫和近免疫的材料有9份,占供试材料的23.68%;普通小麦与粗山羊草正、反交均不能正常结实,必须进行幼胚拯救,成胚率分别是8.53%和70.03%,胚拯救率为9.22%,成苗率为0.79%。杂种F1自交不育,与普通小麦回交可正常结实,但BC1自交结实率极低。抗病鉴定和遗传分析表明,粗山羊草Y215含有1对显性抗白粉病基因,并分别在杂种后代BC2F1和BC1F2中获得了细胞学稳定且与供体亲本一致的抗白粉病植株。【结论】来自粗山羊草Y215的抗病基因已通过遗传重组导入普通小麦中。[Objective] The study transfered the powdery mildew resistance genes of Aegilops tauschii to common wheat by the method of distant hybridization and then identified the resistance to wheat powdery mildew in Ae. tauschii. [Method] The resistance to wheat powdery mildew in the Ae. tauschii originated from different regions was identified by using the methods of detached-leaf-segment and field identification. Ae. tauschii （2n= 14） accessions as male were crossed with Triticum aestivum （2n = 42, AABBDD） cultivars/lines and T. aestivum accessions as male were crossed with Ae. tauschii. [Result] Nine of the thirty-eight specimens of Ae. tauschii were immune （23.68% in total tested material）. The immature embryos of the crosses T. aestivum ×Ae. tauschii and Ae. tauschii × T. aestivum must be rescued by shriveling the endosperm in hybrid seeds. The ratio of embryos obtained was 8.53% and 70.03%. The ratio of embryos reviving was 9.22% ,and the ratio of seedlings established was 0.79%. Hybrid F1 plants of crosses were sterile. The hybrid seeds could be obtained through backcrossing with T. aestivum, but the ratio of the seed set of intercross in BC1 progenies was very low. Results of identification of disease resistance and ge-netic analysis indicated that Ae. tauschii Y215 carried a dominant powdery mildew gene respectively, The derivative lines of BC2 F1 and BC1F2 have normal chromosomes and resistant to powdery mildew obtained. [Conclusion] The powdery mildew resistance genes originated from Ae. tauschii Y215 accessions were successfully transferred to common wheat.

关 键 词：粗山羊草 普通小麦 幼胚拯救 远缘杂交 抗白粉病基因 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S336