生活污水人工渠自净过程及原生动物演替  

Self-purification of domestic sewage and succession of dominant protozoa in a man-made ditch

作　　者：赵阳国[1] 任南琪[1] 王爱杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2008年第6期870-873,共4页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50208006)

摘　　要：为探讨小城镇生活污水人工渠自净的可行性及原生动物的响应过程,采用传统的生化分析方法并结合最新的基因指纹技术,对哈尔滨双城市居民生活污水水体自净过程中的水质变化以及相应的指示性原生动物的动态演替进行分析.结果表明,化学需氧量(COD)为140 mg/L的生活污水,经由约9 km的人工渠,通过沉降、化学分解、生物代谢等作用,降至40 mg/L以下,碱度逐渐从1000 mg/L下降至250 mg/L,pH从7.3上升至8.0;总磷含量由2.0 mg/L逐渐降低至1.3 mg/L.在整个过程中的原生动物种类较少,主要有草履虫属、四膜虫属和鞭毛虫属.鞭毛虫属一直是优势原生动物,草履虫属和四膜虫属在寡污带出现,最后消失.居民生活污水在人工渠中通过较长的自净流程(≥9 km)达到排放的要求,注入松花江支流拉林河.To investigate the feasibility of self-purification of domestic sewage in man-made ditches and the corresponding succession of dominant protozoa, conventional chemical analysis combined with single-strand conformation polymorphism （SSCP） technique was used to monitor the change of water quality during self-purification of domestic sewage and the protozoa succession. The results indicated that the chemical oxygen demand （COD） in domestic sewage was decreased from 140 to 40 mg/L through deposition, chemical decomposition and bio-metabolism after the sewage passed through a 9 km man-made ditch. The alkalinity was reduced from 1000 to 250 mg/L, but the pH increased from 7.0 to 8.0. Total content of phosphorus was decreased from 2.0 to 1.3 mg/L. The diversity of protozoa was low, including three genera： Spumella, Tetrahymena and Paramecium. Spumella was the continuously dominant genus, while Tetrahymena and Paramecium appeared in low-polluted water and disappeared finally. This research suggests that domestic sewage can reach the National Drainage Standard of China by self-purifying in a certain long ditch （ up to 9 km）, and pours into one of the main branches of Songhua River.

关 键 词：生活污水 水体自净 单链构象多态性(SSCP) 原生动物 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q938[生物学—微生物学]