汶川特大地震伤员影像表现初步总结  

A preliminary study on the radiologic findings in the major Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：刘启榆[1] 王东[2] 郑卓肇[3] 林华[1] 王富春[1] 裴新龙[3] 周西[1] 贺国庆[1] 杨勇[1] 管彬[1] 张顺源[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省绵阳市中心医院放射科,621000 [2]四川省绵阳市中心医院外科,621000 [3]北京大学第三医院放射科

出　　处：《中华放射学杂志》2008年第7期679-682,共4页Chinese Journal of Radiology

摘　　要：目的分析汶川特大地震中伤员的损伤类型和影像表现。方法回顾分析自2008年5月13日至5月19日间在绵阳市中心医院放射科检查的1013例地震伤员的影像资料，包括X线平片854例（约2900处检查部位）和CT检查259例（约300处检查部位）。结果733例伤员可见影像表现异常，总阳性率约为72．4％，其中单区域损伤为527例（52．0％），多区域损伤为206例（20．3％）。按发生率高低排列，依次为下肢骨折、脱位288例（28.4％）、胸部损伤151例（14．9％）、上肢骨折、脱位136例（13．4％）、脊柱骨折133例（13．1％）、骨盆骨折和（或）脱位114例（11、3％）、颅脑损伤88例（8.7％）、颌面骨折25例（2．5％）及腹部损伤8例（0.1％）。在胸部损伤中，肋骨骨折136例，肺部损伤59例，胸骨骨折3例。脊柱骨折中，累及颈椎12例、胸椎43例、腰椎93例、骶尾椎12例。颅脑损伤中，颅骨骨折41例，脑内异常72例。腹部损伤则包括4例小肠梗阻、3例肾挫伤和1例腹壁血肿。结论地震可造成全身多区域损伤，尤以下肢骨折脱位最为多见。Objective To analyze the injury types and radiologic findings of the wounded in the major Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Methods Radiologic results of 1013 victims admitted to MianYang Central Hospital from May 13, 2008 to May 19, 2008 were studied retrospectively, including X-ray of 854 cases （ about 2900 local exam positions ） and CT scan of 259 cases （ about 300 local exam positions ）. Results 733 cases showed radiologic abnormalities, including 527 cases of single region injury （ accounting for 52. 0% ） and 206 cases of multi-region injury （ accounting for 20. 3% ） , the overall positive rate was 72.4%. The results were in the following order on the basis of the incidence, 288 cases of lower extremity injuries （28.4%） , 151 cases of thoracic injuries（ 14. 9% ） , 136 cases of upper extremity injuries （ 13.4% ） , 133 cases of spine fracture（ 13.1% ） , 114 cases of pelvic fracture and dislocation（ 11.3% ） , 88 cases of craniocerebral injuries （ 8. 7% ） , 25 cases of maxillofacial fracture （ 2. 5% ） and 8 cases of abdominal trauma （0. 1% ）. Thoracic injuries included： rib fracture in 136 cases, pulmonary injury in 59 cases, and sternal fracture in 3 cases. Spinal fracture included： cervical vertebrae involved in 12 cases, thoracic vertebrae involved in 43 cases, lumbar vertebrae involved in 93 cases, and Sacrococcygeal vertebrae involved in 12 cases. Craniocerebral injuries included： skull fracture in 41 cases, endocranial abnormalities in 72 cases. Abdominal trauma included： intestinal obstruction in 4 cases, renal contusion in 3 cases and abdominal wall hematoma in l case. Conclusion Most parts of the body can be injured by earthquake. Bone fracture and dislocation of lower extremity are the most common manifestations.

关 键 词：自然灾害 创伤和损失 放射摄影术 体层摄影术 X线计算机 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]