20世纪以来世界农业发展中几个带有规律性的问题  

On Several Common Problems in the Development of World Agriculture since 20th Century

作　　者：张新光[1] 

机构地区：[1]信阳师范学院经济与管理学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第3期95-101,共7页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：国家行政学院委托课题"改革和完善政府科学决策机制研究"阶段性成果;项目编号:2007DFWT007

摘　　要：20世纪以来的100多年,世界农业发展的基本趋势和主要特征是高度的商业化、资本化、规模化、专业化、区域化、工厂化、知识化、社会化、国际化交织在一起,极大地提高了土地产出率、农业劳动生产率、农产品商品率和国际市场竞争力。历史经验表明,农业现代化的实质和核心是化"农",就是农民比重大幅减少、农业比重大幅下降、城市化水平大幅提高的过程,资本参与利润平均化的规律与国家支持保护农业的政策是并行不悖的。当前我国面临的两大实践难题是,如何实现小农制与现代农业的有效衔接,如何培育农业资本的生成机制,归结起来就是"人往哪里去"和"钱从哪里来"的问题,而解决问题的根本出路在于发展资本农业和外向型经济。The trend of world agriculture development is to be highly commercialized, capitalized, in large size, professional, regionalized, knowledge-oriented, socialized, internationalized so that it has greatly improved the rate of output of land, productivity of agriculture labor, the rate of merchandise out of agricultural products and global market competition. It has shown that the essence of agriculture modernization is to reduce the rate of farms, the rate of agriculture and improve the urbanization. It is not in contradiction between the rule of capitals involving in the equalization of profit and nation＇s supporting of agriculture. The two practical difficulties China is facing are how to combine traditional household agriculture with modern agriculture and how to cultivate the agriculture capital generation system. And the solution to the problem is to develop capital agriculture and export-oriented economy.

关 键 词：现代农业 小农制 资本农业 利润率平均化 农业保护政策 

分 类 号：F3[经济管理—产业经济]