金华猪遗传结构及其与太湖猪遗传分化的研究  

Genetic structure of Jinhua pig and genetic differentiation of Jinhua pig and Taihu pig breeds based on microsatellite DNA markers

作　　者：赵晓枫[1] 吴俊红[1] 徐宁迎[1] 胡晓湘[2] 李宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310029 [2]中国农业大学农业与生物技术国家重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《生物多样性》2008年第4期339-345,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB102100);浙江省科技厅重大项目(2005C12005-2)

摘　　要：本研究利用65个微卫星标记结合荧光标记检测技术,对金华猪I系、II系、III系共271个个体以及嘉兴黑猪、中梅山猪、小梅山猪和二花脸猪等4个太湖猪品种和嵊县花猪各30头的基因型进行了检测,统计分析了金华猪各品系的遗传结构及各猪种群间的遗传分化。结果显示:金华猪品系间具有丰富的遗传变异,平均有效等位基因数以金华猪I系最高,为3.5;其次是II系和III系,分别是2.8和2.5,金华猪3个品系的平均多态信息含量均高于0.5;I、II、III系的平均观察杂合度分别是0.381、0.399和0.442。金华猪3个品系偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的程度不一:I系偏离较大,III系次之,II系相对较小。分析认为金华猪各品系存在一定程度的近交,品系间存在不同的等位基因。遗传分化结果显示:金华猪II系和III系间遗传分化相对较小(FST=0.1883),但它们与I系间的遗传分化较大,FST值分别是0.3663和0.3619。同时,金华猪各品系与太湖猪的遗传关系较近,其中与中梅山猪群体遗传分化相对较小,FST值分别为0.3581、0.3560和0.3572。而金华猪各品系与嵊县花猪的遗传分化最大,FST值分别为0.4499,0.4654和0.4801,由此可见,金华猪不同于其他浙江省地方品种,有着独立的起源和驯化进程。The genotypes of Jinhua （lines Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ）, Shengxianhua, and four Taihu pigs （Jiaxing Black, Middle Meishan, Small Meishan, Erhualian） were investigated using 65 microsatellite DNA markers through fluorescence PCR. Our objectives were to investigate the genetic structure within Jinhua pigs as well as genetic differentiation of Jinhua pigs from the other five breeds. We found a large range of genetic variation in Jinhua pigs. LineIhad the highest average number of effective alleles （Ne = 3.5）, followed by LineII （Ne = 2.8）, and Line Ⅲ （Ne = 2.5）. The average polymorphism information content （PIC） in each line was above 0.5, with an average observed heterozygosity of 0.381, 0.399, and 0.442, in lines Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, respectively. Furthermore, a decreasing number of microsatellite loci that deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found in linesⅠ, Ⅲ, and Ⅱ, respectively. Inbreeding has occurred to some extent in each of the Jinhua lines. Analyses showed that differentiation between Jinhua lines Ⅲ and Ⅱ was relatively small （FST= 0.1883）. However, greater differentiation was found between lineIand lines Ⅱ and Ⅲ（FST-value 0.3663 and 0.3619, respectively）. Moreover, the genetic relationship between Jinhua pigs and Taihu pigs were close. The Taihu pig breed with the smallest differentiation from Jinhua pigs was Middle Meishan, but a high degree of genetic differentiation existed in Shengxianhua pig and each Jinhua line. In conclusion, Jinhua pig has a unique evolution process in terms of the origin and domestication history, which is different from other Zhejiang native breeds.

关 键 词：金华猪 微卫星 多态信息含量 杂合度 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]