中小型企业职业伤害的危险因素研究  

Risk Factors of Occupational Injuries in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

作　　者：马静[1] 徐勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学放射医学与公共卫生学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2008年第4期201-204,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(70473062)

摘　　要：目的研究职业伤害的危险因素，为减少职业伤害和企业的安全管理工作提供科学依据。方法对苏州市7家中小型企业采用问卷调查的方式，每家企业按工种分层抽样调查职工100人，回收有效问卷608份。结果运用logistic回归分析，在企业安全行为中，对危险物品严格管理与不严格管理进行比较，其相对危险度为0．745，95％CI为0．633～0．878。在个人安全行为中，不采取防护措施与采取防护措施发生事故的相对危险度为1．632，95％CI为1．157～2．301。在个性心理特征中，谨慎行事者与麻痹大意者比较，其相对危险度为0．613，95％CI为0．464～0．810。结论企业管理制度、职工的安全态度是职业伤害的显著影响因素，缺乏安全意识和积极安全态度的职工是职业事故的高危人群。Objective To investigate the risk factors of occupational injuries for reducing occupational injuries and providing scientific basis of safety management. Methods Questionnaires were conducted among workers of 7 enterprises in Suzhou city. 100 workers in each factory were selected through stratified sampling according to job category. A total of 608 questionnaires were valid. Results Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Workers in enterprises with better safety measures showed a decreased relative risk= 0. 745, （95%CI=0. 633-0. 878） as compared with workers in enterprises with worse safety measures. As to the individual safety behavior, subjects taking personal preventive measures showed a relative risk of 1. 632, （95%CI= 1. 157-2. 301） as compared with those without personal preventive measures. In personal psychological attitude, subjects working with precaution showed a relative risk of 0. 613, （95%CI=0. 464- 0. 810） as compared with those working carelessly. Conclusions Safety management system and individuals＇ attitude toward safety are major risk factors of occupational injuries. Staff lack of safety awareness and positive safety attitude or behavior is high-risky population.

关 键 词：中小型企业 职业伤害 危险因素 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]