藏北某部生活饮用水水质影响因素的特点及其改善对策  

Characteristics of the Influential Factors of the Quality of Drinking Water in the Northern Tibet and Relevant Countermeasures

作　　者：李素芝[1] 郑必海[1] 马宽军[2] 李珣[1] 郑建保[1] 何祎[1] 谢小棉[1] 周晓波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军西藏军区总医院全军高山病中心,拉萨市850007 [2]西藏军区那曲分区门诊部

出　　处：《职业与健康》2008年第15期1479-1482,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的对藏北某部生活饮用水的水质现状及其影响因素的特点进行调查分析,并对其改善对策进行探讨。方法对藏北某部各单位生活饮用水进行现场调查,并按照《生活饮用水标准检验法注解》对其水质进行采样检测,其中检测水样包括洗浴用水水样11份、自备井分散式供水的生活饮用水水样16份、自备井集中式供水的生活饮用水水样5份。结果32份生活饮用水水样除感官性状以外,化学指标、毒理学指标及细菌学指标均不同程度地存在超标,且以洗浴用水和自备井分散式供水超标明显,指标超标率由高到低依次为细菌学指标、毒理学指标、化学指标;现场调查其影响因素主要有牛羊粪便污染、地热和矿场水污染、腐植质沼泽地、消毒措施不落实、洁治设备不完善、水井深度不够、生活污水污染等。结论藏北某部洗浴用水及自备井分散式供水的水质各指标不同程度地存在超标,应根据其水质影响因素的特点采取综合性的改善措施。[ Objective] To investigate the current situation and the influencing factors of the quality of drinking water in Northern Tibet, and explore relevant countermeasures. [ Methods] Spot investigation was made on the drinking water in Northern Tibet; sam- ple detection was carried out according to the Explanation of Standard Methods for the Detection of Drinking Water; 11 water samples were bathing water, 16 samples were from the self-made wells for drinking water in dispersed pattern and other 5 water samples were from self-made wells for drinking water in concentrated pattern. [ Results] All the 32 drinking water samples, except for the sensible characters, were found exceeding the standard in the chemical, toxicological and bacteriological indexes, especially in the bathing water and self-made wells for drinking water in dispersed pattern; the highest exceeding rate was in the bacteriological item followed by the toxicological item and chemical item in order; the spot investigation indicated that the main influential factors were the pollution by cattle/sheep excrements, terrestrial heat and mines, humics everglades, incomplete sterilizing measures and cleaning facilities, insufficient depth of wells, daily sewage water and so on. [ Conclusion] The bathing water and the self-made wells for drinking water in dispersed pattern were found to exceed the standard in different levels; comprehensive countermeasures should be taken according to the characteristics of the influential factors of the water quality.

关 键 词：藏北 生活饮用水 水质 影响因素 改善对策 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]