贵阳市社区高血压流行现状及其危险因素分析  

ANALYSIS ON EPIDEMIC STATUS AND RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG RESIDENTS OF URBAN COMMUNITY IN GUIYANG CITY

作　　者：刘涛[1] 张晓石[2] 张凤霞 熊美华[1] 李凌[1] 陈敏[1] 刘露霞[1] 姚雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵阳550004 [2]贵阳市疾病预防控制中心 [3]贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2008年第15期2839-2841,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解贵阳市社区居民高血压患病情况及其相关危险因素,为高血压的干预提供科学依据。[方法]通过整群抽样的方式对贵阳市5个社区年满15岁以上的居民入户进行问卷调查及相关体格检查,数据用Epidata3.1进行录入,Spss13.0进行统计分析。[结果]人群高血压患病率为19.1%,男性21.0%,女性17.4%,男女高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=59.17,P﹤0.001),高血压患病率随年龄的增长呈逐步上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2男=1895.49,P﹤0.001;χ2女=2878.49,P﹤0.001);在不同职业人群中,以离、退休人员患病率最高,为43.91%,其次为农民和家庭妇女,分别为24.63%、23.47%,人群患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9475.27,P﹤0.001);在不同教育水平人群中,以未受教育人群患病率最高,为43.6%,患病率基本随着受教育年限的增长呈逐步下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=803.39,P﹤0.001);冠心病史、脑血管病史、糖尿病史、体质指数、高血压家族史、腰臀比、体育锻炼、喜食肥肉、饮茶、喜食咸食、吸烟、情绪控制能力、性格特征、饮酒等14项因素是社区居民高血压的主要危险因素。[结论]贵阳市部分社区居民高血压患病率处于较高水平,人群分布及相关危险因素具有地方特征,高血压的预防控制应结合本地特点进行针对性干预。[Objective] To find out epidemic status and risk factors of hypertension among urban residents, and to provide the scientific evidenee for the intervention measurements. [Methods] The residents, not less than 15 years old, were selected basing on a cluster sampling design. Questionnaire survey and medical examination were employed. The data were entered by Epidata3.1 and analyzed by Spss13.0. [ Results] In all the residents surveyed, the incidence of hypertension was 19.1%. The incidence between male （21.0%） and female （17.4%） had a significant difference （X^2 = 59.17, P 〈 0.001 ）, and increased with age. In different occupation, the highest incidence 43.91% happened in retired person, followed with 24.63% and 23.47% in peasant and housewife, and there were statistical differences among careers （X^2 = 9 475.27, P 〈 0.001 ）. The hypertension incidence decreased while one＇s educational level increased （X^2 = 803.39, P 〈 0.001）, with the highest rate 43.6% in uneducated persons. The history of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes, BMI, family history of hypertension, W/H, physical exercise, diet predilection （fat, tea, salty）, smoking, ability of emotion control, characters, potation etc were the main risk factors of hypertension for urban residents. [Conclusion] The incidence of hypertension in urban community in Guiyang is a bit higher. The crowd distribution and relevant risk factors have local characteristics. Therefore, the hypcrtension control and prevention should be implemented have on the local situation.

关 键 词：高血压 流行现状 危险因素 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]