南宁吴圩国际机场春季鸟类鸟撞风险分析  

Bird Strike Risk Analysis in Spring at Nanning Wuxu International Airport

作　　者：王志高[1] 周放[1] 张勇[1] 李相林[1] 蒋爱伍[1] 孙仁杰[1] 梁启联 邱祖猛 

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,南宁530005 [2]南宁吴圩国际机场

出　　处：《四川动物》2008年第4期585-589,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

摘　　要：机场的鸟类由于其所处位置的特殊性,会对飞行安全造成一定威胁。本文结合南宁吴圩国际机场的实际情况,详细记录了春季机场内出现的各种鸟类的种类、数量、活动高度、出现频率4个指标,并采用多元统计中的主成分分析法对数据进行分析。结果表明:遇见频次和密度在贡献率最高的第1主成分中得分最高,可见这两个因子在鸟撞风险评价中起决定性作用;而鸟类个体大小和活动高度在贡献率较高的第2主成分中得分较高,所以这两个因子虽然对鸟撞风险大小有一定影响但不具主导地位。根据各种鸟类的密度和遇见频次进行聚类分析,将44种鸟进行了鸟撞风险大小划分,结果表明:乌鸫、极北柳莺等18种鸟属于风险较小的类群,占总数的40.91%;长尾缝叶莺、白腰雨燕等10种鸟属于风险一般的类群,占总数的22.73%;黑翅鸢、金腰燕等14种鸟属于风险较大的类群,占总数的31.82%;白鹭和棕背伯劳2种属于风险很大的鸟类,占总数的4.54%。分析结果为机场方面进行鸟撞防治工作提供了依据。The birds at airports threaten the flight safety for their special living place. A detailed record of the species, numbers, flight heights and meeting times of the birds was made in spring. The original data were analyzed by the factor analysis, and the results showed that the meeting time and density of the birds got the highest scores in the first principal component which made the greatest contributions to bird risk, so these two factors were the most important ones to bird risk assessment. The body length and flight height got the highest scores in the second principal component. These two factors were important but not the most important ones. 44 bird species were divided into different groups on the basis of the meet- ing times and density of the birds through poly-class analysis, and the results showed that 18 species （40.91% of total birds） such as the Eurasian blackbird, Arctic warbler et al. belonged to the lowest risk group, l0 species （22.73% of total birds） such as common tailorbird, fork-tailed swift et al. belonged to the average risk group, 14 species （31.82% of total birds） such as black-shouldered kite, red-rumped swallow et al. belonged to the high risk group, the little egret and longtailed shrike （4.54% of total birds） belonged to the highest risk group. How to avoid bird strike at the air ports will be carded out much better on the basis of all the results above.

关 键 词：南宁机场 春季 鸟撞 风险分析 

分 类 号：V351[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]