金属粉末激光快速成形的工艺及材料成形性  

Process and material considerations in laser rapid manufacturing of metal parts

作　　者：胡孝昀[1] 沈以赴[1] 李子全[1] 顾冬冬[1] 史长根[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,南京210016

出　　处：《材料科学与工艺》2008年第3期378-383,共6页Materials Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国工程物理研究院联合基金资助项目(10276017);航空科学基金资助项目(04H52061);南京航空航天大学科研创新基金资助项目(S0403-61)

摘　　要：对比了3类金属粉末激光快速成形工艺:选区激光烧结;选区激光重熔,或称选区激光熔覆;以及直接激光沉积,或称激光净成形.提出了其分类依据是金属粉末与激光的作用机制,以及由此导致的金属粉末激光成形机理.综述了上述3类激光快速成形工艺的成形原理、成形材料及工艺优劣,分析了"球化"效应、翘曲变形、以及裂纹等对金属粉末激光成形性的影响规律及相应解决措施.Laser rapid manufacturing processes of metal parts can be classified as follows ： selective laser sintering （SLS）, selective laser re-melting （SLRM）, i.e., selective laser cladding （SLC）, and direct laser deposition （ DLD）, i. e., laser-engineered net shaping （LENS）. This classification is based on the mechanism of powder-laser interaction （powder depositing versus powder feeding） and on the resultant laser processing mechanism （liquid phase sintering with partial melting versus complete melting and solidifying）. The manufacturing principles, processing materials, advantages and disadvantages of the above three kinds of processes are addressed respectively. The effects of ＂bailing＂ effect, curling deformation, and crack initiation on the laser processing ability of metal powders as well as the corresponding settlement measures are presented.

关 键 词：激光快速成形 选区激光烧结 选区激光重熔 选区激光熔覆 直接激光沉积 激光净成形 

分 类 号：TG14[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG665[金属学及工艺—金属材料]