陇东旱塬地“西峰号”小麦品种遗传基础及育种目标与对策  

The wheat variety Xifeng Symbol's seed hereditary foundation and its breeding objectives and countermeasures for rain-fed land in east Gansu Province

作　　者：施万喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院农林科技学院,甘肃西峰745000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第4期180-184,195,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省科技攻关项目"高产优质冬小麦新品种选育"(GS012-41-033)

摘　　要：通过分析陇东旱塬自然环境特点、"西峰号"品种遗传基础得出干旱少雨、低温寡照、病虫危害是该区冬小麦生产的主要限制因子;白齐麦、山西小白麦、碧蚂4号、农大183及钱交麦、新乌克兰83、苏联早熟1号、早洋麦三大基因群是当地小麦抗旱、抗寒的遗传基础。结合6次小麦品种更新换代的实践,分析提出小麦产量结构模式,旱地品种特征特性和抗旱、抗寒、抗病、优质育种目标,并提出了旱作小麦种质及其评判指标,建议选择当地品种作亲本之一,采用阶梯式杂交,利用逆境定向选择,多元立体鉴定的育种策略。This paper studied the natural environment characteristics of the east area of Gansu Province and Genetic Basis of ＂Xifeng symbol＂ wheat variety.The results showed that the main restricted factor of winter wheat production were drought,low temperature and less sunshine,insect pest.Drought-resistance and cold-resistance of the main cultivated varieties＇ hereditary basis contain the three major gene groups which include local variety Baiqi wheat,Shanxi Xiaobai wheat,Bima 4,Agricultural University No.183,and Qianjiao wheat,new Ukraine No.83,early-maturing No.1 of Russian,Zaoyang wheat.This paper analyzes regeneration of six breeding practice.It puts forward the model of wheat yield structure,the characteristics of dry-land varieties and the objectives to breed new varieties with drought-resistance,cold-resistance,disease-resistance and high quality.It also introduces the breeding strategies such as judge standard of wheat germplasm,carrying out stair hybridization,choosing local varieties as parents,using directional selection in adverse circumstances,diversifying the identification and selection methods.

关 键 词：陇东 冬小麦 “西峰号” 品种改良 育种对策 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]