油菜主要农艺性状的配合力及杂种优势分析  

Analysis of Combining Abilities and Heterosis of Some Agronomically Important Traits in Brassica napus L.

作　　者：高荣村[1] 于澄宇[1] 李玮[1] 张春宏[1] 俞延军[1] 刘胜毅[2] 赵锁劳[1] 胡胜武[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院 [2]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2008年第4期98-103,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：油菜现代产业技术体系建设(nycytx-00505);农业部948项目(2003-Z31);陕西省攻关项目(2007K01-05);西北农林科技大学青年科研骨干项目

摘　　要：用6个细胞质雄性不育系与5个恢复系配置30个杂交组合(6×5)。对这30个杂交组合及其亲本6个同型保持系、5个恢复系的16个农艺性状进行了2 a重复鉴定,发现不同性状及同一性状不同年份间,配合力表现不尽一致,综合2 a结果,父本的优劣顺序为L161>Q3>Q1>Yuyou 1>227,母本为L89>L451>L656>Zhong 2>D89>1500100285。不同性状及同一性状不同年份间,遗传力存在差异,以初花期、单株产量、主花序长度和单株角果数的遗传力比较稳定,幼苗重、主花序角果数和千粒重的遗传力变化较大。除抽薹期和开花期的超中亲优势不显著外,其他14个性状均存在一定程度的正向优势,单株种子产量和小区产量的超亲优势值最高,其次为幼苗重、分枝高度、角果数。参试组合中,有2个组合(L89×Yuyou 1、L451×Q3)的小区产量表现出较明显的超标优势(5.44%、4.87%)。种子产量的3个主要构成性状(角果数、角粒数和千粒重)中,角果数的杂种优势最大,说明单株角果数的优势是引起小区产量优势的主要原因。最后还对捷克等欧洲优质油菜的利用策略进行了讨论。Six male-sterile lines carrying the widely used Shaan2A cytoplasm were crossed with five restorer lines to produce 30 F1 hybrids. These 30 hybrids and their parents were evaluated for sixteen agronomical traits at Yangling, Shaanxi province in Northwest China for two years. Combining abilities of different traits and of the same trait between two years were different. Based on the seed yield per plot and its three components（number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique , thousand seed weight）, the combining ability of male parents in descending order was L161, Qinyou No. 3 ,Qinyou No.1, Yuyou No. 1, and 227, and that of female parents was L89, 1.451, L656, Zhongshuang NO. 2, D89, 1500100285. There existed differences among the heritiablities of different traits and for the same traits between two years. The heritabilities of these traits, such as the beginning of flower, seed yield per plant, length of the terminal raceme, number of siliques per plant were more stable between two years. However, the heritabilities of those traits such as weight of seedling, number of siliques of the terminal raceme and thousand seed weight varied great between two years. All tested traits have certain degree of positive mid-parent heterosis except two traits （the beginning of boosting and the beginning of flower）. The mid-parent heterosis of seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot were the highest two, followed by heterosis of those traits, weight of seedling, setting position of the first primary branch, number of seeds per silique. Two hybrids, namely L89 × Yuyou No. 1 and 1.451 × Qinyou No. 3, showed a significant heterosis over the Check Qinyou No. 2 with the value of 5. 44% and 4.87% in seed yield per plant respectively. Among three major components of seed yield,the midparent heterosis of number of siliques per plant was the largest one, which showing that the heterosis of this trait maybe the main cause of heterosis of seed yield . Finally,The utilization strategy of rapeseed accessions from Eur

关 键 词：油菜 配合力 杂种优势 遗传力 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]