长江口中华鲟幼鱼感觉器官在摄食行为中的作用  

FUNCTION OF SENSE ORGANS TO THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF JUVENILES CHINESE STURGEON CAPTURED FROM THE YANGTZE ESTUARY

作　　者：庄平[1,2] 章龙珍[1,2] 罗刚[1,2] 张涛[1] 冯广朋[1,2] 刘健 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海水产大学生命科学与技术学院,上海200090 [3]上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处,上海200092

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2008年第4期475-481,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(30490234);国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2008AA10Z227);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)资助项目(2007M02);上海高校水产养殖E-研究院项目(E03009);上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区项目(沪鲟保研200708311001)资助

摘　　要：中华鲟为我国一级保护水生野生动物,其幼鱼生活史研究尚有许多空白。本文通过分别封闭中华鲟幼鱼不同感觉器官(包括视觉、嗅觉、触觉、侧线感觉、电感觉等),研究了这些感觉器官在中华鲟幼鱼摄食行为中的重要性,旨在为改进中华鲟幼鱼的保护措施和人工培育技术提供科学依据。63尾实验鱼于2006年5—6月采集于长江口水域,实验鱼在试验开始前暂养适应2周,实验设计7个实验组和1个对照组,实验期水温为24.5—27.0℃。实验结果显示:封闭视觉、侧线感觉和电感觉器官后幼鱼的摄食量与正常幼鱼(对照组)无显著性差异(p>0.05)。封闭嗅觉幼鱼的摄食量只有正常幼鱼的34.76%。封闭触觉幼鱼的摄食量只有正常幼鱼的73.80%。同一时间封闭嗅觉和触觉后,幼鱼的摄食量仅为正常幼鱼的17.01%。因此,可以推断嗅觉和触觉在中华鲟幼鱼觅食过程中起着主要的作用。Chinese sturgeon,Acipenser sinensis, is an endangered anadromous species that currently only remains in the main stream of the Yangtze River and the coastal China Seas. It spawns in the upper Yangtze River and grows in ocean, and it is one of the largest fish to enter fresh water,with the maximum of 400 cm total length and 450 kg body weight. As a result of habitat alteration and overfishing,population of this species have greatly declined in abundance. Thus, this species has been listed as one of the China＇s national protected wild animals in category I in 1988,and listed in the IUCN＇s Red List in 1997. The Yangtze Estuary is the only passage for Chinese sturgeon migrating between fresh water and ocean,and also the important feeding ground for the young Chinese sturgeon when they pass through the estuarine area from May to August every year. In order to protect this species,the Yangtze Estuarine Nature Reserve （area,274km2） for young Chinese sturgeon was established in 2002, and this area has been listed as Important International Wetland by the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat in 2008. However, most aspects of the early life history of Chinese sturgeon in the wild have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to document the function of sense organs to feeding behavior of Chinese sturgeon juveniles, and to use this information to provide guidance for the conservation of feeding ground of young Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze estuarine area,and also to provide guidance for the improvement of aquaculture techniques of young Chinese sturgeon. 63 fishes （20.0 ± 3.5cm of total length,69 ± 15.7g of body weight） for this experiment were collected using gill nets from the Yangtze Estuary from May to June, 2006. Collected fishes were accommodated in tanks for 2 weeks before experiment. By means of surgical sense excision of vision, smell, touch, electricity, and lateral line, respectively, the function of specific sense organs to feeding behav

关 键 词：中华鲟 触觉 嗅觉 视觉 侧线感觉 电感觉 摄食 

分 类 号：Q17[生物学—水生生物学]