陕西省视力残疾抽样调查结果及致残原因分析  

Sampling survey of prevalence and cause of visual impairment in Shaanxi province

作　　者：楚美芳[1] 艾华[1] 彭静[1] 王勇[1] 杨新光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国陕西省西安市第四医院眼科,710004

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2008年第7期1412-1415,共4页International Eye Science

摘　　要：目的:调查陕西省视力残疾人的数量、患病率及其性别、年龄分布以及致残原因。方法:2006-04-01/05-31,按照分层、多级、概率比例、整群的抽样方法(PPS抽样),陕西省共抽出22个县(区),176个调查小区,实际调查样本量73425人。由经过专门视力残疾鉴定培训的眼科医生对其进行视功能检查,经鉴定属于视力残疾者再进一步行裂隙灯及眼底镜检查,判断出其最主要的一个致残原因,并按照全国抽样调查办公室统一印发的表格进行登记。结果:陕西省视力残疾总患病率为1.12%,其中盲的患病率为0.42%,低视力的患病率为0.69%,与1987年第一次全国残疾人抽样调查的患病率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);盲与低视力的患病率分别为男0.14%,0.28%,女0.29%,0.41%,女性均显著高于男性(P<0.01),农村显著高于城市(P<0.05)。盲与低视力的患病率随年龄增长而呈明显的递增趋势(P<0.01)。视力残疾的主要致残原因依次是白内障(48.72%),屈光不正、弱视(17.70%),视网膜、色素膜病变(11.60%),角膜病(10.87%)和青光眼(9.52%)。结论:白内障和屈光不正、弱视是我省致盲眼病的主要原因,防盲治盲工作任务还很艰巨,还需要做大量的工作。AIM： To investigate the prevalence rate, age distribution and the leading causes of visual impairment in Shaanxi province, in order to provide some assistance and instructions to the prevention and treatment of blindness. METHODS： By cluster random sampling, 176 clusters were selected and 73,425 persons received the eye examination in the 22 counties in Shaanxi province from July 1 to May 31, 2006. Visual acuity and eye examination were performed by ophthalmologist using slitlamp and funduscope to evaluate the degree and judge the leading causes of visual impairment, then record to the uniform charts. RESULTS： The total prevalence rate of visual impairment in Shaanxi province was estimated to be 1.12%, in which the prevalence rate of binocular blindness and binocular low vision were 0.42% and 0.69% respectively and those in women was higher than that in men （0.29% vs0.14%, 0.41% vs0.28%, P〈0.01）. There was a significant increase in the prevalence rate of visual impairment as the age grew older （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The prevalence rate of visual impairment in countryside is significantly higher than that in city （ P 〈 0.05）. The chief causes of blindness were cataract （48. 72%）, refractive error/amblyopia （17. 70%）, retia and uvea disease （11.60%）, cornea disease （10. 87%） and glaucoma （9.52%）. CONCLUSION： The results show that cataract and refractive error/amblyopia are the leading causes of blindness in Shaanxi province. We have a lot of work to do to the prevention and treatment of blindness.

关 键 词：视力残疾 盲 低视力 患病率 抽样调查 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]