新记录的水蕨种群特征和群落的物种多样性  

Population characteristics of newly-recorded Ceratopteris thalictroides in China and species diversity of community

作　　者：董元火[1] 曾长立[1] 吴翠[2] 

机构地区：[1]江汉大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430056 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第3期1074-1076,共3页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370098)

摘　　要：近几十年来,由于人类活动的影响,水蕨在我国的分布范围和种群数量正日趋减少,濒临灭绝,现被列为国家二级重点保护野生植物。根据标本记载和相关研究资料,于2003年8月至2006年10月,对分布在我国热带和亚热带的濒危植物水蕨进行广泛的野外调查。在每一调查点,用全球定位系统(GPS)测定了各样点的经纬度,记录了其生境特征和种群的生长状况,采集和鉴定水蕨及其主要伴生种,研究了其群落的结构特征。结果发现濒危植物水蕨的7个分布新记录。它们分别位于云南勐腊县郊区和勐仑、广东英德和阳春、浙江临安、海南三亚以及湖南郴州。新发现的水蕨种群主要生长在稻田或废弃稻田、水沟、菜地、旅游区。与水蕨相伴生的物种主要有11科15属17种,分别隶属于7个群丛。人类活动是导致水蕨濒危的主要原因。凭证标本均保存于武汉大学植物标本馆。In recent decades, the number and size ofCeratopteris thalictroides populations have rapidly declined because of human disturbance contributing to the deterioration and loss of primary habitats. The species is now endangered and listed among the second category of Protected Wild Plants in China. From August of 2003 to October of 2006, all known populations of C. thalicooides were investigated in China where C. pteridoides was expected to occur based on historic records and/or observations made during the field surveys. At each sampling station, latitude and longitude were measured using Global Positioning System （GPS）. The habitat characteristics of populations and community diversity were studied by collecting and identifying the plants associated with C. thalictroides at each site. The results indicated that seven new distribution sites of the endangered aquatic fem C. thalictroides in China were found. They occurred at at Mengna and Menglun in Yunnan province, Yingde and Yangchun in Guangdong province, Linan in Zhejiang province, Sanya in Hainan province, and Chenzhou in Hunan province. Newly-recorded populations of C. thalictroides grow mainly in rice field or wasted rice field, ditch, vegetable plot and travel industry sites. 17 aquatic plant species belonging to 11 families and 15 genera were recorded in seven populations ofC. thalictroides. Human activity might be the most important factor responsible for the reduction ofC. thalictroides in China. All specimens examined were deposited in Herbarium of Wuhan University （WH）.

关 键 词：水蕨 濒危植物 新记录 种群特征 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] Q16