不同耕作方式和雨强对紫色土坡耕地降雨有效性的影响  

Effect of different cultivation methods and rain intensity on rain efficiency in purple soil area

作　　者：林超文[1] 庞良玉[1] 陈一兵[1] 涂仕华[1] 李浩 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川省成都市农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第3期1257-1261,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家973计划(2006CB100206);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B06);国际植物营养研究所及四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2008JY0022-1)

摘　　要：农业水资源短缺越来越受到世界各国的关注,对我国的威胁尤为严重。为了揭示紫色土地区坡耕地常用农耕措施在不同雨强条件下对雨水土壤蓄积率的影响规律,为紫色土坡耕地抗旱耕作技术创制提供理论依据,文章采用两因素、三水平、三重复随机区组试验,利用人工降雨装置和模拟径流小区,在栽培玉米(ZeamaysL.)条件下,研究了不同耕作方式和雨强对紫色土坡耕地降雨有效性的影响。研究结果表明:在耕作方式相同时,雨强越大,地表径流量越大,地下径流量减少,总径流量增加,不利于土壤保蓄雨水和含水量的提高。在相同雨强条件下,平作的地表径流量最大,雨水土壤蓄积率最低。横坡垄作在中雨强条件下控制地表径流和侵蚀的效果非常明显,能够显著提高雨水土壤蓄积率,但在大雨强和小雨强条件下,提高雨水土壤蓄积率的效果减弱。横坡垄作等保护性耕作措施可以增加土壤对雨水的有效库容,提高土壤抗旱能力,是适用于该区域的抗旱耕作技术。Water shortage in agriculture has become a major concern around the world, particularly in China. In order to investigate the influence of different cultivation methods and rain intensity on the rain water accumulation rates in the purple soil and in return to provide theoretical support to develop anti-drought technology for purple soils on sloping lands, a completely randomized block design was employed in the experiment with three different artificial rain intensities （small, medium and heavy）, three cultivation methods （contour, ridge and flat cultivation） and three replications, the crop was maize （Zea mays L.）. Results showed that the amounts of both surface and total runoff were coincided with rain intensity, while the underground runoff was negatively correlated with rain intensity. High rain intensity tended to undermine penetration of rain water into soil and thus reduced soil moisture. At same rain intensity, flat cultivation produced maximal surface runoffand soil erosion, leading to the lowest rain water retention in the soil. Contour cultivation, however, seemed ideal in controlling soil erosion and surface runoff at medium rain intensity, and enhanced the rain water retention, but this effect was weakened at heavy or small rain intensity. Contour cultivation could improve the available water storage of the soil on the slope land from rainfalls, resulting in stronger anti-drought ability of the soil and thus, is considered to be suitable in the area.

关 键 词：雨强 农艺措施 紫色土 土壤水分 土壤侵蚀 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]