明代中后期士风异动与士人社会责任的缺失  

The Literati's Change of Morality and Their Loss of Social Responsibility in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：牛建强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心,河南开封475001

出　　处：《史学月刊》2008年第8期90-101,共12页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：明代中后期,随着商品货币经济的迅速发展、社会逐利风气的狂煽和席卷,包括下层士人生员和上层士人缙绅在内的整个士阶层也深受感染,发生观念体系和行为方式的异动,具体呈现在利欲意识的强化、治生问题的关注、躁急奔竞的突出、正常人格的扭曲、标新好奇的狂热、政治干预的强烈等若干方面。在社会问题丛集的明朝末年,上述表现中的某些方面的变形及其恶化最终导致了作为引领社会进步的士人阶层社会责任的严重缺失,成为酿成明朝国运不救的重要原因之一。In the.Middle and Late Ming dynasty,with the quick development of the commodity and currency economy, the trend to chase material interests grew strong,which also incited and swept the intellectuals in the lower classes and the officials in the upper classes. As a result there appeared the change in people＇s ideas of value and outlook,manifested in the following aspects： the insatiable seeking of material interests; the care for the decent life; impatient competitions; the distortion of normal personality; the craze for the new and fashionable; the grave intervention of politics in daily life. In the late years of the Ming dynasty, the further worsening of these phenomena finally led to the loss of social responsibilities on the part of the literati who were inevitably affected, and to the eventual collapse of the dynasty.

关 键 词：明代中后期 士人风气 异动 社会责任 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] C912.6[历史地理—中国史]