施氮量对科棉3号干物质积累及分配、产量和纤维品质的效应  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Dry Matter Accumulation and Its Distribution,Yield and Fiber Quality of Upland Cotton

作　　者：张培通[1] 徐立华[1] 杨长琴[1] 杨德银[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农科院经济作物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《棉花学报》2008年第4期295-299,共5页Cotton Science

基　　金：科技部社会公益型研究专项(2004DIB4J146);江苏省"十一五"科技攻关(BE2006306);江苏省农科院基金项目(6110506)

摘　　要：研究了N素积累对高品质棉(科棉3号)干物质积累及分配、产量和纤维品质的效应,结果表明,提高盛铃期蕾铃干物重是高产的关键,盛蕾至盛花期营养器官和盛花至盛铃期各器官N素积累与盛铃期棉花蕾铃干物重呈显著正相关。伏桃产量随盛花期棉花各器官N素积累增加而显著提高,伏桃产量和早秋桃产量分别随盛铃期叶片和茎枝N素积累增加而提高,伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃产量随盛铃期蕾铃N素积累增加而提高。施N量对棉花纤维品质的影响主要是影响烂铃率和纤维N代谢。综合来看,施N量过高,主要是导致烂铃率大幅度提高,对纤维长度、强度和麦克隆值等影响都大,而在适宜施N量以内,施N量增加,棉纤维强度和麦克隆值表现为降低的趋势,而对棉纤维长度影响不大。The two-year field trial about nitrogen fertilization was conducted on Kemian 3, a excellent high fiber quality cotton cultivar, to analyze the effect of nitrogen nutrition on cotton dry matter accumulation and its distribution, yield and fiber quality in Nanjing city, in 2005 and 2006. The results showed that the dry matter weight of reproductive organs of peak bolling has significant correlation with lint yield. N accumulation of vegetative organ from peak budding to peak flowering and that of all organs from peak flowering to peak bolling had significant correlation with dry matter weight of reproductive organs of peak boiling. Yield formatted from 21^th July to 15^th August was increased with increasing N accumulation of all organs of peak flowering and that of leaves of peak bolling, while yield formatted from 16^th August to 25^th August was increased with increasing N accumulation of stem and branches of peak bolling, and yield formatted after 21^th July was increased with increasing N accumulation of reproductive organs of peak bolling. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on cotton fiber quality was to influence the ratio of rot boll and the N metabolism of cotton fiber development. When the N fertilization was over the optimum value, the ratio of rot boll was increased significantly with increasing N fertilization, leading to decrease of fiber length, strength and micro value. While N fertilization was under optimum, the fiber strength and micro value was decreased with increasing N fertilization, and no significant effect on fiber length.

关 键 词：棉花 氮素 干物积累 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]