爆炸处理消除大型柱壳结构环焊缝残余应力实验研究  

Relieving circumferentially welded residual stresses of a large cylindrical shell using the explosive method

作　　者：洪江波[1] 侯海量[1] 朱锡[1] 阚于龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学船舶与海洋工程系,湖北武汉430033 [2]华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2008年第3期213-219,共7页Explosion and Shock Waves

摘　　要：为探讨大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝焊接残余应力消除方法,根据耐压柱壳结构环焊缝焊接工艺,设计并制作了大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝模拟焊接模型,并采用沿焊缝条状布药,分别进行了单、双面布药爆炸处理消除大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝焊接残余应力模型实验。结果表明:大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝存在较大的焊接残余应力;单、双面爆炸处理均能有效调整、消除焊接残余应力,残余应力分布明显均匀化;焊后残余应力越大,爆炸处理效果越明显,当焊接残余应力大于0.5sσ时,单面爆炸处理后残余应力σm下降幅度在40%以上,双面爆炸处理后残余应力σm下降幅度在60%以上;采用沿焊缝条状布药,爆炸处理能有效消除沿焊缝的纵向残余应力;双面爆炸处理效果优于单面爆炸处理效果。An experimental model, in which explosive strips were placed along the welds on single side or on double sides, was developed to simulate the circumferential weld of a large pressure-resistant cylindrical shell according to its welding craft and to explore how to relieve the circumferentially welded residual stresses. In the model experiments the two arrangements of explosive strips were both adopted to relieve the circumferentially welded residual stresses of a large pressure-resistant cylindrical shell using explosive treatment. Experimental results indicate as follows. （1） there are high welded residual stresses in the circumferential weld of the large pressure-resistant cylindrical shell; （2） single and double side treatments are both effective to regulate and relieve welded residual stresses; （3） the higher the welded residual stress, the better the relieving effect; （4） when the residual stress is higher than 0. 5σs, the single side treatment can relieve the residual stress σm more than 40%, the double side treatment can relieve it more than 60% （S） longitudinal stress can be relieved effectively by placing explosive strips along the weld.

关 键 词：固体力学 消除残余应力 爆炸处理 焊接 耐压 

分 类 号：O344.7[理学—固体力学]