“5.12”汶川大地震伤员心理应激状况调查  

Psychological stress in the earthquake survivors: the psychological aftermath of the Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：郭阳[1] 陈爱敏[1] 林浩春[1] 赵连旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学珠江医院神经内科,广东广州510280

出　　处：《南方医科大学学报》2008年第7期1114-1116,1122,共4页Journal of Southern Medical University

摘　　要：目的通过对来穗四川汶川"5.12"大地震受灾群众心理应激状况的研究,探讨躯体损伤对大地震幸存者心理的影响,以便更好地医治受灾群众身心,使之能尽早回归社会。方法地震1周后来穗的受灾群众55人(其中有躯体损伤的27人,无躯体损伤的28人),通过晤谈以及PCL-C、SRQ量表进行调查。结果此次大地震对受灾群众造成了严重的心理应激(PCL-C≥50分占43.63%,SRQ≥7分占78.18%,PCL-C≥50并SRQ≥7分占41.82%)。有躯体损伤者的PCL-C、SRQ量表分值较高(PCL-C总分为49.780±14.503,SRQ总分为12.110±4.619),但与无躯体损伤者的得分(PCL-C总分为44.46±13.206,SRQ总分为10.460±5.000)差异不明显(P>0.05)。伤员的"回避症状"及"激惹症状"分值较高,其中"努力回避地震的相关活动或场所"及"感觉和周围的人隔离开来了"两个方面在有躯体损伤者和无躯体损伤者之间差异显著(P=0.034,0.018)。结论此次四川汶川大地震给灾区群众带来严重的心理应激,其中伤员应激症状更趋于回避与激惹。因此在积极治疗躯体损伤的同时,广泛的社会、心理支持可以减缓灾难所致的心理创伤,降低创伤后应激障碍的发生率。Objective To investigate the psychological stress in the survivors of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake transferred to Guangzhou for treatment, and explore the association between the psychological stress and the physical injuries related to the earthquake to promote both the physical and psychological recoveriesof the survivors. Methods Fifty-five earthquake survivors, including 27 with 28 without physical injuries, were transferred in our hospital 1 week after the earthquake. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder （PTSD） Checklist-Civilian version （PCL-C） and the Self Reporting Questionnaire （SRQ） were used to investigate the psychological stress in these survivors. Results The earthquake caused serious psychological stress in these survivors, and 43.63% of the survivors had high PCL-C scores （50 or above） and 78.18% had high SRQ scores （over 7）, with 41.82% having high scores for both PCL-C and SRQ, The survivors with physical injuries generally had high PCL-C and SRQ scores （49.780±14.503 and 12.110±4.619, respectively）, which, however, were not statistically different from the scores of the survivors without injuries （44.460±13.206 and 10.460±5.000, respectively, P〉0.05）. The injured survivors showed high scores for the subscales of persistent avoidance symptoms and of anger and irritability, in which the item scores for ＂efforts to avoid activities or places that arouse recollections of the earthquake＂ and ＂feeling of detachment or estrangement from others＂ were significantly different between the survivor with physical injuries and those without （P=-0.034 and 0.018, respectively）. Conclusion The Wenchuan earthquake causes serious psychological stress in the survivors, and the wounded are more inclined to have persistent avoidance symptoms and enhanced irritability. In addition to the care of the physical injuries, psychological counseling and social support may help ameliorate the psychological trauma in the survivors and reduce the incidence of PTSD.

关 键 词：心理应激 创伤后应激障碍 躯体损伤 地震 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]