应用输沙量推演流域侵蚀量的方法探讨  

Method of deducing soil erosion amount of drainage basin with sediment discharge

作　　者：焦菊英[1] 景可[2] 李林育[1] 王万忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2008年第4期1-7,共7页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究”课题“区域水土流失过程与趋势分析”(2007CB407203);国家科技支撑计划项目课题“黄土高原水土流失综合防治技术研究(2006BAD09B10);西北农林科技大学创新团队建设计划项目“黄土高原土壤侵蚀及其治理环境效应评价研究”(01140202)

摘　　要：鉴于至今还没有一个有效获取流域侵蚀产沙量的方法,在分析悬移质泥沙与侵蚀泥沙之间的数量与粒配关系的基础上,阐述了应用输沙量推演流域侵蚀量在理论上的可能性,但却存在着难点,且主要表现在水文站数量不足与区域分布不均、流域内的生态环境复杂与区域差异大、水文站输沙量观测记录起始时间不同步、及新技术应用存在时空条件的局限性。结合与侵蚀产沙和泥沙输移比相关的定性与定量指标,提出了应用输沙量推演流域侵蚀量的方法,即"层次类剔法",来计算与评估流域侵蚀量和泥沙输移比,具体的操作过程是首先制作一幅流域地貌类型地块图,然后是逐类型、逐类型地块的侵蚀量计算和沟道流域泥沙输移比的判断,最终获取流域不同地块的侵蚀强度和流域泥沙输移比。本研究结果可为水土流失监测点的选择提供科学依据,同时对解决流域的泥沙问题也有重要的启迪作用。Owing to no effective methods to obtain soil erosion amount of drainage basin at present, the possibility of deducing soil erosion amount of drainage basin with sediment discharge of hydrological stations was analyzed according to the quantitive and grain size relationships between suspended sediment and eroded soil. This possibility is existing, but has difficulties, i. e. insufficient amount of hydrological stations and their unevenly regional distribution, regional diversity of environment in a drainage basin, different time series of sediment records of hydrological stations, and space-time restriction of new technology application. Combining with the qualitative and quantitative indexes related to soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, a method of deducing soil erosion amount of drainage basin with sediment discharge, namely ＂relief-plot hierarchy analysis method＂, was put forward to calculate and estimate the soil erosion amount and sediment delivery ratio of drainage basin. The approach is firstly to draw a relief-plot type map of a studied drainage basin, then to calculate soil erosion amount of plots in different relief types and estimate the sediment delivery ratio of gully, and finality to get the erosion intensity of different plots and sediment delivery ratio of drainage basin. The study could provide scientific basis for choosing observation stations of soil and water loss, and has an initiative role for resolving the sediment problems in drainage basin.

关 键 词：输沙量 泥沙输移比 侵蚀量 “层次类剔法” 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]