急性草乌中毒兔血浆毒性成分及组织病理学改变的研究  

A research of poisoning components in plasma and histological changes of rabbits with acute toxicity of aconitum kusnezoffii (草乌)

作　　者：刘刚[1] 邱俏檬[1] 卢中秋[1] 王志翊[1] 梁欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医学院附属第一医院急诊科,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《中国中西医结合急救杂志》2008年第4期198-200,F0003,共4页Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Intensive and Critical Care

基　　金：浙江省中医药管理局资助项目(2006C094)

摘　　要：目的观察急性草乌中毒时的血浆毒性成分及组织病理学改变。方法选择日本大耳白兔8只,给予草乌酒灌胃染毒制备急性草乌中毒模型。记录心电及血压变化,并于染毒后0.5、1、2、3和6 h采血测定血浆乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱的浓度;取心室肌、肝脏、大脑皮质,光镜下观察组织病理学改变。结果染毒后动物迅速出现心律失常、血压下降的进行性加重趋势[染毒前:(121.98±16.77)/(110.66±8.78)mm Hg,染毒1 h:(102.98±8.34)/(90.22±5.85)mm Hg,染毒2 h:(66.81±9.13)/(53.40±6.32)mm Hg,1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa,P均<0.01];血浆乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱浓度均持续升高,以染毒1 h和2 h的差异最为显著[乌头碱:(4.72±3.26)μg/L比(18.48±12.46)μg/L,新乌头碱:(21.52±10.18)μg/L比(345.12±81.36)μg/L,次乌头碱:(2.33±0.70)μg/L比(23.66±19.30)μg/L,P<0.05或P<0.01];两者呈正相关。光镜下观察,心肌、肝、脑组织均可见充血、水肿、细胞浸润等病理学改变。结论草乌毒性剧烈,吸收快,心律失常的严重程度与血浆毒性成分浓度呈正相关,早期清除血浆毒性成分是治疗的关键。Objective To observe the poisoning components in plasma and histological changes of rabbits with acute toxicity of aconitum kusnezoffii （草乌 ）. Methods Eight rabbits were gavaged with aconitum kusnezoffii liquor, aconitum poisoning model was reproduced, electrocardiogram （ECG） and blood pressure were recorded, the concentrations of aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine in plasma after 0. 5, 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours were measured, and the pathological changes of heart, liver and cerebral cortex were observed. Results After gavage with poisoning liquor, arrhythmias and the declination of blood pressure, presenting a tendency of progressive aggravation （before garage： （121.98±16.77）/（110. 66±8.78） mm Hg, 1 hour after garage： （102. 98 ± 8. 34）/（90. 22 ± 5.85） mm Hg, 2 hours alter garage： （66.81 ± 9.13）/ （53.40±6.32） mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0. 133 kPa, all P 〈 0.013 rapidly occurred; the concentrations of aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine in plasma persistently increased, the differences being especially prominent at 1 and 2 hours after intoxication [aconitine： （4.72 ± 3.26） μg/L vs. （18.48 ± 12.46）μg/L, mesaconitine： （21.52 ±10.18） μg/L vs. （345.12 ± 81.36）μg/L, hypaconitine （2.33 ± 0. 70） μg/L vs. （23.66±19.30） μg/L, P〈0.05 or P〈0.013. Congestion, edema, cell infiltration, and other pathological changes were found in cardiac, liver and brain tissues under the light microscope. Conclusion The toxicity of aconitum kusnezoffii is severe, its absorption is quick, and the severity of the arrhythmia is positively correlated with the concentrations of toxic constituents in plasma. The early removal of the toxic components in plasma is the key treatment in this intoxication.

关 键 词：草乌 中毒 乌头碱 新乌头碱 次乌头碱 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学]