崇明岛现代潮滩地貌和生态环境问题分析  

Analysis of Geomorphology and Ecology of Modern Tidal Flat in the Chongming Island,Shanghai,East China

作　　者：张雯雯[1] 殷勇[1] 黄家祥[1] 季晓梅[1] 顾慧娜[1] 朱大奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《海洋通报》2008年第4期81-87,116,共8页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(NO:40776023);南京大学测试基金

摘　　要：崇明岛西沙湿地、南分场、团结沙和东滩湿地的沉积物粒度分布,具有高潮滩向低潮滩平均粒径逐渐变小、标准偏差变大(分选性变好)的共同变化特征,基本上反映了潮滩水动力条件的变化规律。崇明西沙湿地、南分场和团结沙潮滩坡度大、滩面窄,沉积物粒径比崇明东滩湿地小,中潮滩侵蚀严重,具有"江岸型"剖面的特点;东滩湿地沉积物粒径大,滩面宽、坡度小,具有"潮滩型"剖面的特点。西沙湿地动植物组成单一,生物多样性程度降低,主要是受自然与人类活动的双重影响,该处面临的问题是如何进行生态恢复。东滩湿地需要考虑合理的围垦,过度围垦不但直接破坏了底栖动物的生存,而且威胁到迁徙鸟类的食物来源和栖息地。Chongming Island is the third largest island in China, which is formed by land and sea interaction during the Holocene period. Geomorphology study of river mouth is very important to coastal and ocean engineering and wetland protection and amelioration. Seven cross-wetland sections have been surveyed and surficial sediments were collected from high tidal fiat, middle tidal flat and low tidal flat respectively. Grain size of wetland sediments from Xisha, Dongtan, Nanfenchang and Tuanjiesha sections were analyzed. The results show the average grain size of wetland sediments diminishes from high tidal flat to low tidal flat gradually, while standard deviation increases. The mean grain size of＂channel bank＂ type as represented by Xisha, Nanfengchang and Tuanjiesha sections is larger than ＂tidal beach＂ type as represented by Dongtan section. This phenomena explains tidal current has a great impact on grain size. Besides, the ecosystem and biodiversity of Xisha and Dongtan wetland were analyzed. The negative influence of human activity on ecosystem is destroying the Biodiversity of Xisha wetland. Excessive reclamation on Dongtan wetland not only affects the survival of the benthic fauna, but also damages the habitats and food source of migrant birds.

关 键 词：潮滩地貌 粒度分析 人类活动对湿地的影响 

分 类 号：P737[天文地球—海洋地质] P736.21[天文地球—海洋科学]