二倍体小麦种间气孔与光合特征差异  

Differences in stomatal and photosynthetic characteristics of five diploidy wheat species

作　　者：王春艳[1] 李茂松[1] 宋吉青[1] 迟永刚[1] 王秀芬[1] 武永锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第7期3277-3283,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家863计划资助资助项目(2006AA100215,2006AA100202);国家科技部支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD04B07);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研资助项目“农业干旱灾损评估方法研究”~~

摘　　要：选取5个二倍体小麦种为实验材料,利用数码图像显微镜处理系统、气体交换参数测定系统和叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定系统,研究了二倍体小麦种间气孔特征与光合特性的差异。结果表明,二倍体小麦种间气孔和光合特征存在较大的差异:其中S基因型(Ae. Sect. Sitopsis)的气孔长度、周长和面积最大,而其宽度、密度和气孔指数却是最小的;D基因型(Ae. Tauschii)的气孔宽度、密度和气孔指数最大,而其长度、周长和面积却是最小的;D基因型(Ae. Tauschii)的净光合速率最大,而S基因型(Ae. Sect. Sitopsis)的净光合速率最小。气孔周长与气孔面积呈显著正相关关系,而气孔密度与气孔面积呈显著负相关关系。二倍体小麦的净光合速率与气孔导度呈显著正相关关系,同时气孔限制值的变化趋势与细胞间隙CO2浓度的变化趋势相反,说明二倍体小麦的光合能力主要受气孔限制。在几个种中,乌拉尔图小麦(T. urartu)具有较高的净光合速率和气孔导度,同时细胞间隙CO2浓度最低,气孔限制值最大,在光合能力和耐光抑制方面有较明显的优势;而野生一粒小麦(T. boeoticum)则在光合能力和耐光抑制方面不存在优势。同时,乌拉尔图小麦(T. urartu)的叶绿素含量最高,而野生一粒小麦(T. boeoticum)最低,叶绿素含量可能也是造成二倍体种间光合能力差异的原因之一。Five diploidy wheat species were chosen as research materials in this research to determine the differences in stomatal and photosynthetic characteristics.The results of the study showed that species with S genomes（Ae.Sect.Sitopsis）had the largest values in stomatal length,girth and area,and the lowest values in stomatal width,density and index.On the contrary,the species with D genomes（Ae.Tauschii）had the highest values in stomatal width,density and index,and the lowest values in stomatal length,girth and area.The net photosynthetic rate（Pn）and stomatal conductance（Gs）were higher in species with D genomes（Ae.Tauschii）and lower in species with S genomes（Ae.Sect.Sitopsis）,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate showed significant correlation with stomatal conductivity,and the changes of intercellular CO2 content showed the opposite trend to the changes of stomata limitation,indicating that the stomatal conductivity is the main factor limiting the photosynthetic rate.T.urartu with higher net photosynthetic ability showed higher values in stomatal conductivity and stomata limitation,and lower values in intercellular CO2 content.However,T.boeoticum showed the opposite trend.T.urartu had higher values in chlorophyll content of flag leaf area while T.boeoticum had lower values,indicating that higher chlorophyll content might be another reason for its higher photosynthetic ability among diploidy wheat species.

关 键 词：二倍体 小麦 光合特性 气孔特征 基因型 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]