工业生态学的内涵与发展  

Industrial ecology:a critical review

作　　者：石磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第7期3356-3364,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40601037)~~

摘　　要：作为一门发展不到20a的综合性交叉学科,工业生态学目前需要界定其学术范畴和理论基础。首先评述了工业生态学的4个主要领域:(1)社会代谢是工业生态学起源最早也是发展最为成熟的领域。它提供了宏观层次上观察和测量经济发展与物质流动关系的方法和工具,但需要进一步细化物质流动图景和加强流动机制的解释;(2)工业共生是工业生态学最具特征的领域。它实质上是人们出于观察视角的转变而对工业体系的重新认识。逻辑严谨且规则统一的解释框架有助于工业共生理论的发展和实践;(3)基础设施与产业相互选择且协同演进,二者共同构成了城市的物质基础,而城市又是更大范围内区域经济系统的子集。这一组工业生态学的研究对象需要处理产业全球化与社会和生态要素本土化的矛盾;(4)工业发展的可持续性是工业生态学关注的核心目标,而多样性和复杂性给其研究带来了很大的挑战。这提醒我们要避免陷入简单化、还原论或机械论的陷阱,多开展实证研究。最后,从本体论、方法论和隐喻3个标准给出了工业生态学的初步界定,并指出4个重要的努力方向。With a development history of less than 20 years,it is time for industrial ecology to define its academic scope and theoretical basis.This paper first reviews the four main areas of industrial ecology：（1）Social metabolism,the well-developed area of industrial ecology.It provides macro-level methods and tools to observe and measure the linkages between economic development and material flows.The further research is to refine and strengthen the material flow picture and mechanism behind it,（2）Industrial symbiosis,the main characteristics of the industrial ecology fields.It is in fact the re-understanding of industrial system from waste exchanging perspectives.A unified framework with stringent rules of logic will benefit the development of industrial symbiosis theory and practice,（3）Infrastructure,cities and regional economic systems,a series of objects with spatial characteristics.Infrastructure and industries,with mutual co-evolution relationship,together constitute the material basis for the city,and then the city is the subset of the regional economic system.This group of fields needs to deal with conflicts resulting from the globalizing nature of the industry and the localization nature of social and ecological factors,（4）the diversity,complexity and sustainability of industrial development,the theoretical core of industrial ecology.All these bring great challenges to research agenda of industrial ecology,and remind us to avoid falling into the trap of simplistic reduction.Finally,four important directions are presented,following the definition of the academic scope of industrial ecology from ontology,methodology and metaphor guidelines.

关 键 词：工业生态学 社会代谢 工业共生 可持续性 复杂性 

分 类 号：F40[经济管理—产业经济] F062.2