紧穗野生稻的褐飞虱抗性导入栽培稻的研究  

The Transfer of Brown Planthopper Resistance from Oryza eichingeri to O. sativa

作　　者：颜辉煌 熊振民[1] 闵绍楷[1] 胡慧英[1] 张志涛[1] 田淑兰[1] 汤圣祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1997年第5期424-431,共8页

基　　金：国家生物技术攻关;国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：栽培品种的远缘野生种O.eichingeri (2n=24,CC染色体组)是褐飞虱的重要抗源。为了将原产乌干达的O.eichingeri两个编号材料的褐飞虱抗性导入栽培稻02428中,利用胚培养技术获得了两个组合的F.杂种,可交配力分别为0.36％和1.62％。所得F.杂种生长旺盛,分蘖力强,但高度不育,其花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ二价体数为0～4个,平均1.33～1.37。F_1植株用02428回交及套袋自交产生的BC_1F_1和F_2植株形态相似,染色体组均为AAC,花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ染色体构型为(12.02～12.18)Ⅰ+(11.67～11.89)Ⅱ+(0.04～0.19)Ⅲ,均表现完全不育。进一步检查了42个BC_1F_2植株和9个BC_2F_1植株的染色体数目,其变幅为24～38,从中筛选到2n=25及2n=24的植株各21个,其中5个整倍体植株对褐飞虱表现抗,说明两份紧穗野生稻载有抗性基因的染色体片段已成功转入02428中。本研究还发现一些株高及每穗粒数等明显超亲的材料,这可能与染色体组A与C上某些基因的互作有关。Oryza eichingeri, a distantly-related diploid wild species of cultivated rice withCC genome, is an important source of resistance to brown planthopper (BPH).Interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa cv. 02428 and two accessions of O.eichingeri from Uganda were therefore produced through embryo rescue to transfer theBPH resistance, and the crossability was only 0.36% and 1.62%. The F_1 hybrids werevigorious and profuse in tillering but highly male sterile, the mean frequency ofbivalents at MI was 1.33 to 1.37 with a range of 0～4. The infertile BC_1F_1 and F_2progenies, derived from backcrossing to 02428 and selfing Of F_1 hybrids, were similarin plant appearance and were further cytologically ascertained to have identicalgenomic constitution of AAC. These allotriploids had a chromosome configuration of(12.02～12.08) Ⅰ + (11.67～11.89) Ⅱ + (0.04～0.19) Ⅲ at MI of PMCs. The chromosomenumber of 42 BC_1F_2 plants and 9 BC_2F_1 plants varied from 24 to 38, from which 21plants with 2n = 25 and 21 diploid plants with 2n = 24 were isolated. Five out of the21 diploid plants tested were resistant to BPH. This indicated the successful transferof chromosome segment carrying BPH resistant gene(s) from the two accessions of O.eichingeri to cultivated rice. Moreover, traits absent in both parents, such as tall plantheight and large panicle, were also observed in some introgression lines, presumablyresulted from the interaction of genes in genomes A and C.

关 键 词：水稻 紧穗野生稻 种间杂种 褐飞虱抗性 

分 类 号：S511.034[农业科学—作物学]