一个多抗小麦-中间偃麦草新种质的选育和细胞分子生物学鉴定  

Breeding and Cytological and Molecular Identification of a New Germplasm with Multiple Disease Resistance from Triticum aestivum-Agropyron intermedium

作　　者：艾山江.阿布都拉 文玉香[2] 唐顺学[1] 李义文[1] 庄家骏[1] 贾旭[1] 李洪杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室 [2]中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室 北京 100101 [3]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1997年第5期441-446,共6页

摘　　要：经过多年田间和温室接种抗病性鉴定,从(77-5433×中5)杂交组合花药培养后代中选育出一个兼抗大麦黄矮病、条锈、叶锈和秆锈4种小麦主要病害的新种质遗4212。遗4212的体细胞染色体数为42,在减数分裂中期Ⅰ,在几乎所有的花粉母细胞中都可以观察到21个二价体,这说明遗4212是一个在遗传上业已稳定的整倍体材料。对(遗4212×77-5433)F_1代花粉母细胞的观察表明,遗4212可能是含1对外源中间偃麦草染色体的代换系或具较大中间偃麦草染色体片段的易位系。用基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)对遗4212的有丝分裂中期相、减数分裂后期Ⅰ相和(遗4212×77-5433)F_1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ进行了检测,确证遗4212含1对外源中间偃麦草染色体。这些结果表明,遗4212是一个小麦一中间偃麦草代换系,其抗病性来自其携带的1对中间偃麦草。After extensive disease-resistance tests in the field and greenhouse; a pure line,Yi 4212(2n = 42), resistant to rusts (including leaf, stripe and stem rust) and barleyyellow dwarf virus(BYDV) was selected from a cross (77-5433×Zhong 5) combinedwith anther culture after F_3 generation. 21 bivalents were observed in nearly all PMCsat meiosis metaphase Ⅰ, indicating that Yi 4212 was a genetically stable euploid line.The analysis of (Yi 4212×77-5433). F_1 PMCs revealed that Yi 4212 might be asubstitution line or a translocation line with a pair of alien chromosome fragments ofAg. intermedium. The genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) patterns of Yi 4212 atmitosis metaphase, meiosis anaphase Ⅰ and of (Yi 4212×77-5433) F_1 PMCs atmeiosis metaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅰ confirmed that Yi 4212 had a pair of Ag.intermedium chromosomes. All the results showed that Yi 4212 was a Triticumaestivum-Ag, intermedium substitution line and its disease resistance was derived froma pair of Ag. intermedium chromosomes.

关 键 词：小麦 中间偃麦草 种质 细胞分子生物学 鉴定 

分 类 号：S512.103.2[农业科学—作物学]