八种国产葱属植物染色体研究  

STUDIES ON CHROMOSOMES OF EIGHT SPECIES OF ALLIUM FROM CHINA

作　　者：尚宗燕[1] 李汝娟[1] 崔铁成[1] 许介眉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安植物园,西安710061 [2]四川联合大学生物系,成都610064

出　　处：《植物分类学报》1997年第5期434-444,共11页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室课题

摘　　要：本文对国产葱属Allium8个种的14个居群的染色体进行了研究。其染色体基数均为x=8,其中7个居群为二倍体(2n=2x=16),6个居群为四倍体(2n=4x=32),1个居群为多倍体复合体(2n=4x=32,2n=6x=48,2n=8x=64和2n=9x=72)。并发现随体染色体十分活跃,在多倍体中其数目并不都与其倍性相对应,并有“串状随体”现象出现;在有些类群中其形态变异较大,而随体染色体杂合形式 的多态现象也较普遍。本文重点讨论了随体染色体的数目、形态变异及杂合现象在葱属进化中的作用,认为随体染色体形态变异及杂合现象的出现是葱属中遗传变异的重要源泉之一。并对葱属中的染色体基数及种内多倍性问题进行了初步讨论。Chromosomes of 14 populations of 8 species of Allium from China were observed in the present work. The results are as follows: (1)A. tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng: three populations were studied and they were all tetraploids ( 2n = 4x= 32) with 28 m and 4 st on which satellites usually appeared. The population 1 (C-1237) was found to have the karyotype 2n=4x= 32= 28m+4st(2SAT) (Fig.l:l ), the population 2(C-1188) 2n = 4x = 32 = 28m+4st(4SAT)(Fig.1:2),and the population 3 (C-1179) with satellites ranging from one to three in number. In some cells wefound that the satellites look like a string of beads (Fig. 1:3). (2) A. ramosum L. : the population 1 (C-1193) was diploid with the karyotype 2n = 2x=16 = 14m + 2st(2SAT) (Fig.2:2), while the population 2 (C-1307) was tetraploid with 2n=4x = 32 (Fig. 2: 5). The number of sat-chromosomes ranged from zero to three. (3) A . anisopodium Ledeb. : the population 1 (C-1313) was found to have the karyotype 2n = 2x = 16 = 12m + 4sm(2SAT) with a pair of terminal satellites ( Fig. 2:1), and the population 2 (C-1286) 2n = 2x= 16, with the satellite chromosomes exhibiting polymorphism (Fig 5) . In about 80% of cells, a chromosome was found to have a intercalary satellite, and thus the karyotype became 2n = 2x = 16 = 14m + 2sm(1SAT) (Fig. 2:3). (4) A. anisopodium Ledeb. var. zimmermannianum (Gilg) Wang et Tang (C-1253) was a diploid with 2n = 2x = 16. One pair of chromosomes had intercalary satellites, which were often detached from the chromosomes (Fig. 2:4). (5) A. nutans L. (C-1312) showed great intrapopulational variation in chromosome number. 2n=4x=32, 2n = 6x=48, 2n= 8x= 64 and 2n=9x = 72 were found in different plants from the same population (Fig. 3:1, 2, 3). (6) A. macrostemon Bunge(C-1245) had the chromosome number of 2n= 4x = 32. The satellite chromosomes exhibited polymorphism (Fig. 2:6. Fig. 5). (7) A. tubiflorum Rendle. : the population 1 (C-1279) was a diploid of 2n = 2x= 16 with a pair of chromosomes with terminal satellites ( Fig.3: 5), and the population 2 (C-1289 ) a

关 键 词：葱属 百合科 染色体 

分 类 号：Q949.718.2[生物学—植物学]