试论军人政治与民主化进程——以土耳其1980年政变为例  

On the Stratocracy and Democratization Process ——A Case Study on the 1980 Coup D’état in Turkey

作　　者：周术情[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2008年第8期31-36,共6页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：20世纪70年代土耳其遭遇严重的政治、经济和社会危机,各届政府无力应对,最终导致军队干预。稳定国内局势成为政变后军方的首要任务,构建新的权力架构是政变的逻辑延伸。1982年宪法是文官政治恢复的重要标志,翌年全国大选则是恢复文官政治的实质性步骤。恢复文官政治使土耳其政变获得了异于南美洲国家军事独裁的特征。土耳其军方发动政变,旨在维护自身利益,其客观后果则是民主事业的"归位"。1980年政变并非土耳其民主发展的悲剧,而是土耳其民主框架的"理性收缩";不是民主发展遇到的挫折,而是民主发展模式的调整。Turkish military power at last intervened politics in 1970s when Turkey met with severe political, economic and social crisis and several governments failed to control the situation. The first thing for the military regime was to stabilize the civil situation, and rebuild new power structure was the logical extension of the coup. In 1982, the implement of new constitution was the mark of recovering civil officer politics, and the substantial step to do that was to conduct the general election next year. The restoring of civil government helped Turkey to gain the reputation differently from some South American states them were regarded as military autocratic regimes. The original aim for the military to launch the coup d’état was to maintain itself interest, but the result objectively was the 'revision' of democracy. The purpose of the coup launched by Turkish military consists in maintaining the benefits of their own, and the consequence of the coup is to get the democratization to the right place. The 1980 coup d’eata is not a tragedy of democracy, but the'rational reduction'of the democratic framework;not the frustration of the democratic development, but the adjustment of the democratic development mode.

关 键 词：土耳其政变 军人 政治 文官政治 民主 

分 类 号：D737.4[政治法律—政治学]