密尔的排除归纳法辨析  

An Analysis of Mill's Induction of Elimination

作　　者：陈晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院,广东广州530631

出　　处：《科学技术与辩证法》2008年第4期1-8,共8页Science Technology and Dialectics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目资助(05JZD008)

摘　　要：密尔在培根的排除归纳法的基础上提出五种实验研究方法,即契合法、差异法、契合差异并用法、剩余法和共变法。这五种方法所依据的因果性概念是普遍因果律+恒定接续,笔者将它进一步分析为普遍因果律、因果共变律、先因后果律和恒定接续规则。文章首先转述密尔对这五种方法的表述,然后结合密尔本人的解释加以分析和评价,从而把这五种方法的逻辑结构和运作机理充分地展示出来;并澄清或纠正密尔的一些错误,其中包括对一果多因问题和排除法公理问题的处理。Mill proposed five methods of experimental inquiry on the basis of Bacon's induction of elimination,i.e.,the Method of Agreement,the Method of Difference,the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference,the Method of Residues,and the Method of Concomitant Variations.The concept of causality the five methods are based on is the law of universal causality + the invariable succession.I analyze it into the law of universal causality,the law of covariation of cause and effect,the law of cause earlier than effect,and the rule of invariable succession.In this paper,I first repeat Mill's statement of the five methods,then analyze and appraise them connecting Mill's interpretations of them;thereby display the logic structure and the operational reason,and classify and correct some of Mill's mistakes including his treatments of the problem of one effect due to many causes and the axioms of induction of elimination.

关 键 词：密尔 排除归纳法 因果关系 归纳公理 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]