土地利用方式对潮棕壤微生物群落影响研究  

Effects of Land Use Patterns on Microbial Community in the Aquic Brown Earth

作　　者：毕明丽[1] 宇万太[1] 马强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《土壤通报》2008年第4期908-912,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院创新项目(KZCX2-YW-407;KZCX2-YW-405);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD05B01)

摘　　要：以中国科学院沈阳生态试验站的长期定位试验为平台,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤三大类微生物细菌、放线菌、真菌和农业上常见致病菌灰霉菌、枯萎菌、镰刀菌的分布及动态变化。结果表明,在农田生态系统中,施肥特别是氮磷钾配施循环猪圈肥能够提高土壤微生物总量,施用氮磷钾和氮磷钾配施循环猪圈肥均提高了细菌和放线菌数量,但化肥配施有机肥降低了真菌数量;不同土地利用方式下微生物分布存在差异,有机物料归还量较大的荒地和林地微生物数量较高,每年移出地表植物的割草处理略低,而裸地处理最低,细菌和放线菌分布规律一致,均为:荒地>林地>割草>裸地,真菌分布略有差别,为:荒地>割草>林地>裸地,土壤微生物含量和比例可大致反映土地利用类型;不同生态系统中,灰霉菌、枯萎菌、镰刀菌的分布不同,农田生态系统中的致病菌数量普遍高于自然生态系统,尤其是枯萎菌,仅在农田生态系统中检测到;微生物数量随着季节的变化而变化,随着温度的升高有增加的趋势,在七月左右达到最大值。Through a consecutive 15 years field trial on the aquic brown earth in Shenyang suburb of Northeast China, in this paper, the seasonal variations in the number of bacteria, actinomyces, fungi, botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxyspornm f.sp and fusarium in the soils of agroecosystems and natural ecosystems were studied. The results indicated that fertilization enhanced the amount of soil microbe in agroecosystems, especially bacteria and actinomyces, NPK and application with NPK and recycled manure enhanced the amount of bacteria and actinomyces while application with NPK and recycled manure decreased the amount of fungi. Microbial allocation differed under different land use patterns in natural ecosystems, the microbial numbers of the native land and the forest land were higher, the mowing land was lower, and the bared land was the lowest. Bacteria allocation was accorded to actinomyces： native land 〉 forest land 〉 mowing land 〉 bared land, fungi allocation was： native land 〉 mowing land 〉 forest land 〉 bared land, soil microbial amounts and ratio could reflect land use pattern roughly. The allocation of botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxyspornm f.sp and fusarium was different under different ecosystems. They were higher in natural ecosystem than in agroeeosystem, fusarium oxyspornm f.sp exists only in agroecosystem. The amount of microbes increased with temperature, it got the highest in July.

关 键 词：潮棕壤 土地利用方式 农田生态系统 自然生态系统 土壤微生物 季节变化 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]