高原根茎型优质草种“青海扁茎早熟禾”的驯化选育  

Taming breeding of Rhizom-type Forage Variety Poa pratensis L. var. anceps Gaud. cv. Qinghai in Alpine Area

作　　者：周青平[1] 颜红波[1] 韩志林[1] 刘文辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原所,西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2008年第4期328-335,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：科技部"根茎型青海扁茎早熟禾新品种繁育与示范"项目(编号:05EFN216300307);科技部"三江源区根茎型优良牧草原种快速扩繁与栽培技术研究"项目(编号:2005-SN-02);国家科技基础条件平台项目(2006DKA21007-14)

摘　　要：以青海湖地区野生采集的扁茎早熟禾为材料，以适应性强、抗寒、耐旱、饲用价值较高、生产性能好为驯化选育目标，经多年混和选择，驯化选育而成青海扁茎早熟禾（Poapratensis L．vat．anceps Gaud．CV．Qinghai）。选育的青海扁茎早熟禾根茎发达、抗寒、耐旱、适应性强、饲用价值较高；与野生栽培扁茎早熟禾相比，具有产量高、成熟早、青绿期长、种子脱落少等优点；青海扁茎早熟禾适宜在青藏高原海拔2000～4200m，年降水量400mm的高寒地区旱作种植，且能安全越冬，青海扁茎早熟禾营养丰富、草质柔软，在青藏高原高寒地区开花期平均风干草产量达4484．8kg／hm^2，成熟期平均种子产量达422．1kg／hm^2。With the purpose of breeding forage cultivars with strong adaptability, cold-tolerance, drought- resistance, high feeding value, and good production performance, wild Poa pratensis L. were collected around Qinghai Lake and used as breeding material. After mixture selection and taming for many years, Poa pratensi8 L. var. anceps Gaud. cv. Qinghai was obtained and characterized with developed rhizome stem, cold tolerance, drought resistance, strong adaptability, quick sward forming ability, soil reserve ability, and high forage value as well. The variety had higher hay yield, earlier mature time, longer green period, and less seeds falling rate than the wild variety. P. pratensis L. var. anceps Gaud. cv. Qinghai was approved adaptable to the alpine area and could safely survive the winter at 2000-4200 m altitude and 400 m annual precipitation. The average hay yield of this variety in blooming period was 4484.8 kg·hm^-2 and the average seed yield was 422.1 kg·hm^-2 at mature stage.

关 键 词：青海扁茎早熟禾 品种 根茎型 驯化选育 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学]