南方桉树人工林雨雪冰冻灾害调查分析  

Investigation on Eucalypt Forest Plantations Subjected to the Freezing Catastrophe in Southern China

作　　者：徐建民[1] 李光友[1] 陆钊华[1] 项东云[2] 曾炳山[1] 张宁南[1] 郭洪英[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520 [2]广西林业科学研究院,南宁530001 [3]四川林业科学研究院,成都610081

出　　处：《林业科学》2008年第7期103-110,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家十一五科技支持专题“高产优质桉树速生材树种新品种选育”(2006BAD01A15-4);“桉树速生丰产林长期生产力维持与持续经营技术研究”(2006BAD24B0203);林业公益性行业科研专项“亚热带桉树抗寒新品系选育”

摘　　要：2008年初,中国南方8省(区)桉树人工林遭受严重雨雪冰冻寒害。调查分析表明:桉树人工林受灾的地理范围是24°15′—26°54′N,104°—118°E,其中,重灾区是湘南、赣南、桂北和粤北地区,在粤、桂、赣3省区,寒害的垂直分布发生在在海拔300～600m范围以内。受灾树木断顶、折干、弯曲、倾覆、树皮冻裂或枝叶冻枯,多数植株以遭受机械损害为主,发生生理冻害的情况极少。根据综合受害等级分析,巨赤桉无性系DH201-2受害程度最重,尾巨桉DH32-29和巨尾桉无性系GL9等次之,邓恩桉和巨桉耐寒性较强,受灾程度相对较轻。通过对灾情的调查和分析,提出关于今后桉树人工林发展的建议。Eucalypt forest plantations were seriously subjected to a great catastrophe which was caused by heavy snow and freezing rain over eight provinces in southern China in early 2008. Afterwards, surveys were carried out to examine the severity of damage to eucalypt forest plantations and the tolerance of different species to the extreme low temperatures. It was found that the freezing disaster mainly happened to eucalypt plantations which were located in geographic areas with latitudes between 24°15′ to 26°54′ N and longitudes 104° to 118° E, and altitude from 300 to 600 m. however,the plantations were established in southern Hunan and Jiangxi and, those in northern Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, most seriously damaged. Individual trees in the plantations were mostly bent towards the ground or broken up by heavily accumulated snow or ice, the bark burst open and shots with foliage froze. Variation was also found in the ability tolerant to low temperature between different genotypes, for example, clone DH201 - 2 of hybrid Eucalyptus grandis × E. carnaldulensis was much less tolerant than clone DH32 - 29 of E. urophylla × E. grandis and GLg, a clone of E. grandis × E. urophylla, and E. dunnii and E. grandis were more cold tolerant as well. A caution was made that extreme temperature be carefully taken into consideration of strategy for developing eucalypt plantations in the future and potential risks exist in northward extension of planting areas.

关 键 词：桉树人工林 冻害 地理范围 耐寒性 中国南方 

分 类 号：S781.1[农业科学—木材科学与技术]