延河流域土地利用格局时空变化与驱动因子分析  

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Land Use Pattern and Driving Factors Analysis in Yanhe River Basin

作　　者：朱恒峰[1] 赵文武[1] 康慕谊[1] 郭雯雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源学院北京师范大学中国生态资产评估研究中心环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2008年第8期17-22,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40501002)资助

摘　　要：利用GIS技术和景观生态学的方法，对延河流域1985～2000年的土地利用格局特征及其动态变化的驱动因子进行了分析，得出以下结论：1）从1985年至2000年，耕地、草地仍占据明显的优势，二者始终占流域总面积的88％以上。中、低覆盖度草地之间转化比例较大，草场退化严重。2）延河流域15年间平均斑块面积在增加，斑块密度增大，景观趋于破碎化。景观多样性减小，优势度增加，景观异质性程度在降低。3）耕地面积有所增加，毁林（草）开荒与退耕还林（草）并存，人为开荒活动仍在加剧；建设用地面积大幅度增加，主要来自于农村住宅和开发油田等工矿建设用地的扩张。4）土地利用格局变化的驱动因子主要包括：水土流失、水资源短缺的自然因素及人口压力、宏观政策等人文因素。The characteristics of land use pattern and the dynamics of Yanhe River basin were investigated by using the land use data in 1985 and 2000 , and the methods of GIS and landscape ecology. It was concluded from the analysis that （ 1 ） From 1985 to 2000, plowland and grassland were still the two major land use types, exceeding a total of 88% area in the basin. Grassland with lower and medium cover transformed one another largely, indicating the severe degradation. （2） The average patch area and patch density increased during the 15 years. The landscape fragmentation and dominance enhanced while the diversity and heterogeneity weakened. （3）The area of plowland increased, partly resulting from reclamation of forest and grassland. The area of land dedicated to construction, especially the real estate in rural area and the oil field, increased greatly. （4）The natural factors such as water and soil loss, water shortage, together with the human activity impact, such as population pressure and macro policy and so forth were the dominant driving factors.

关 键 词：土地利用格局 GIS 驱动因子 延河流域 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]