土壤施肥对烟粉虱生长发育、寄主选择及繁殖的影响  

Influence of soil-applied fertilizer on the development,host selection and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)

作　　者：卢伟[1] 侯茂林[1] 文吉辉[1] 黎家文[2] 

机构地区：[1]植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094 [2]湖南农业大学生物安全科技学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第4期914-920,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：中央科研院所社会公益研究专项项目(2004DIB4J156);国家留学回国科研基金项目资助

摘　　要：为探讨土壤施肥对烟粉虱种群的影响,在室内采用盆栽方法测定了11种氮、磷、钾施肥组合处理和对照处理的黄瓜苗上烟粉虱的发育历期、存活率、若虫大小、寄主选择、繁殖力及寿命等生命参数。结果表明,烟粉虱的发育历期受施肥影响显著;施肥对卵和低龄若虫存活率无显著影响,但对高龄若虫存活率及各龄若虫大小影响显著;成虫较喜欢在氮肥施用量适中且不施用钾肥和磷肥的黄瓜植株上取食和产卵,而不喜好氮肥施用量大且施用钾肥和磷肥的植株;烟粉虱的寿命及繁殖力在单独施用磷肥的黄瓜植株上低于对照处理的植株,在其他施肥处理上均高于对照。在氮肥施用量大且施用钾肥和磷肥的植株上,一个世代后烟粉虱种群增殖最大,达74.4倍;在单独施用磷肥时增殖最小,仅17.2倍。To elucidate the effects of soil NPK-fertilization on the relationship between host plant and sweet-potato whitefly （Bemisia tabaci） , infestation and development of whitefly on potted cucumber plants under different fertilizer treatments were investigated. Results show that soil NPK-fertilization has significant effects on larval duration, survival rate of old nymphs and nymph size ; non-significant effects on survival rate of whitefly egg and young nymphs. Adult whitefly prefers treated cucumber plants with medium concentration of nitrogen and without potassium and phosphorus, while it apparently avoids cucumber plants treated with high concentration of nitrogen along with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers. Whitefly longevity and fecundity are the shortest and the lowest on treated cucumber plants with only phosphorus fertilizer. In cucumber plants treated with high concentration of nitrogen along with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers, whitefly population increases 74.4 folds after one generation; while its population increases by only 17.2 folds in plants treated with phosphorus fertilizer only.

关 键 词：烟粉虱 土壤施肥 黄瓜 寄主选择 烟粉虱种群 寿命与繁殖力 生命参数 

分 类 号：S436.421.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]