广东恩平市稻区越冬期不同土地利用方式下主要节肢动物多样性调查分析  

Arthropod biodiversity and community structure as influenced by different winter-cropping systems in the paddy fields of Enping City,Guangdong Province

作　　者：谭乾开[1] 黎华寿[1] 骆世明[1] 郑海 吴超雄 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642 [2]广东省恩平市农业技术推广服务中心,恩平529400

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第4期938-943,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2006CB1000206);农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室基金(药重开05-08)资助

摘　　要：连续两年对恩平市境内12个镇双季稻田越冬期的冬闲田、犁冬晒白田、冬种蔬菜、冬种马铃薯和冬闲田田埂等5种典型土地利用方式下各生境的主要节肢动物群落进行动态调查。结果表明：5类样地越冬期的主要节肢动物均以蜘蛛为主要优势种类，而鳞翅目（成虫）则成为冬种蔬菜的优势类群，5类样地的生物多样性指标均有显著差异（P〈0．05），2005～2006年度越冬期的冬种蔬菜样地、冬种马铃薯样地的物种丰富度、均匀度和密度一类群指数均显著高于其他生境；冬种蔬菜以及冬闲田的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）值较高，分别为1．8659±0．1037和1．5909±0．0938，而密度一类群指数（DG）则以蔬菜样地最大（7．5950±0．0476）。2006～2007年度越冬期与上一年度调查结果基本相同，其中蔬菜样地与田埂的日值较高，分别为1．7825±0．1454、1．1379±0．1015，冬种蔬菜的DG值最大，为11．2103±0．3512，表明冬种蔬菜对DG值有一定的促进作用，冬闲田与冬种马铃薯的Sorenson相似性系数（S1）最高，而犁冬田、田埂的S，则相对较低；犁冬田与冬种马铃薯田的Whittaker相似性系数（S2）最高，经作田与冬种马铃薯田的相似性系数S：则最低。结果表明犁冬田的各生物多样性明显差异于冬种田，冬种蔬菜对提高稻区生物多样性有重大作用。In order to assess the dynamics of arthropod biodiversity and community structure in a typical winter paddy field, in- vestigations were carried out in 5 typical cropping systems, including early-rice-late-rice-winter-potato （RRP）, rice-rice-winter-vegetable （ RRV ） , rice-rice-winter-fallow （ WF）, field-ridge rice-rice-winter-fallow （ FR ） and rice-rice-winter-turuover-plow （PF） during the winter of 2005～2007 in 12 townships of Enping City, South China. Results for the winter of 2005～2006 show that spider is the dominant arthropod species in the 5 plots, while lepidoptera dominates in RRV treatment. Biodiversity index is significantly different （P 〈0.05） among the 5 treatments. The indexes of richness eveness （DG） and density （J） in RRV and RRP treatments are higher than the other three. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes （H） in FR and RRV treatments are 1. 865 9±0. 103 7 and 1. 590 9±0. 093 8 respectively, which are higher than the other treatments. The highest density-group index （DG） is 7. 595 0±O. 047 6, existing in RRV treatment. Results for 2006 - 2007 are similar to those for 2005 - 2006. RRV and FR treatments have higher H 1.782 5±0. 145 4 and 1. 137 9±0. 101 5 ,than the others. The highest diversity-group index （DG） is 11. 210 3±0. 351 2 in RRV treatment. Sorenson similarity index （S1 ） is highest between WF and RRP treatments, while PF and FR treatments have low S：. Whittaker similarity index S2 between FR and RRP treatments is the highest, while RRV and RRP treatments have the lowest. In conclusion therefore, biodiversity of winter-turnover-plow （PF） is significantly different from the other cropping systems, and rice-rice-winter-vegetable （RRV） system has a significant effect on biodiversity enhancement in paddy fields.

关 键 词：稻田 农作制度 节肢动物群落 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] Q958.15[生物学—普通生物学]