农户水平生物多样性的生计价值及其合理利用--基于生态经济位原理的初步分析  

Livelihood value and proper utilization of farmer-household biodiversity——Preliminary analysis with an eco-economic perspective

作　　者：梁卫理[1] 吕红毡[1] 秦凤书 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,保定071001 [2]河北省曲周县科技局,曲周057250

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第4期963-966,共4页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目“黄淮海中北部(河北)小麦玉米两熟丰产高效技术集成研究与示范”(2006BAD02A08)资助

摘　　要：本文尝试用生态学和经济学相结合的方法,对多种经营与生物多样性的关系及其生计作用进行了初步分析。结果表明:以农业生物及其副产品为劳动对象的多种经营,从生态学的观点来看就是利用生物多样性,而生物多样性对于提高生态系统稳定性具有重要作用;由于农业生产的经济效果是依靠生态过程来实现的,因而,生物多样性必然导致经济多样性。换言之,农业生产系统的经济多样性必然要依靠生物多样性来实现或体现。因此,生物多样性可以降低经济风险,增强经济稳定性,这对于承担风险能力不强的小农户具有重要的生计意义。同时,生物多样性可以延长食物链(即经济学上的产业链),增加附加值,还可满足家庭成员的多种生产和生活需要。因此,在中国目前总体上农户生产经营规模小、市场风险较大、劳动力相对富裕的国情下,鼓励农户充分利用生物多样性发展多种经营具有积极的生态、社会和经济意义,但需要加以科学引导,以保证生产经营的效率、效益以及系统和产品安全。Through trans-disciplinary analysis with the theories and principles of ecology and economics, the relationship between multi-enterprising and biodiversity, and functions of biodiversity in the livelihood of farming households were analyzed. Preliminary conclusions of the analysis include： ecologically multi-enterprising organisms are an important means of utilizing biodiversity which plays an important role in enhancing system stability; since economic output of agriculture relies on ecological processes, economic diversity can be said to be the product of biodiversity. In other words, economic diversity of agricultural systems depends on biodiversity. Hence biodiversity reduces economic risk and builds up economic stability, a very important factor for the liveli- hood of small farmer households who have week coping ability with risks. Biodiversity also expands food chain-industrial chain in economic terms, increases added value and satisfies various consumption and production needs of rural family members. There-fore with the current small farming scale, unstable market of farm products and relatively surplus rural labor, farmers are encouraged to develop multi-enterprising strategies to fully utilize the social, ecological and economic advantages of biodiversity. In doing so, it is necessary to offer scientific and technical support to farmers to ensure efficiency, profitability and safety of both the system and products.

关 键 词：生物多样性 小农户 多种经营 生计 生态经济位 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]