流域水质目标管理技术研究：Ⅴ.水污染防治的环境经济政策  

Study on Technique of Basin Water-Quality Target Management:Ⅴ. Economic Policies for Water Pollution Control

作　　者：孟伟[1] 张远[1] 王西琴[2] 张楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2008年第4期1-9,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2002CB412409);国家“十五”科技攻关计划项目(2003BA614A-04)

摘　　要：环境经济政策是流域水质目标管理技术的重要组成部分.通过分析国内外的环境经济政策以及主要经济手段的实施现状与特点,指出我国环境经济政策的不足与问题.以流域控制单元为对象,提出水污染防治的环境经济政策的基本内涵和特点,以"分区、分类、分级、分期"为基本理念,研究了适合我国流域水质目标管理的环境经济政策框架与构建思路,并对环境财政、环境投融资、排污收费与污染税、生态补偿与污染赔偿等具体手段进行了阐述,提出环境经济政策的综合实施机制以及相关的政策保障.Environmental economic policy system is an important component of technique in basin water-quality target management. Based on an analysis of current implementation status and characteristics of environmental economic policies and the main measures both at home and abroad, the shortcomings and problems of China＇ s environmental economic policy system were pointed out. The basic connotation and characteristics of policy system for protecting water environment regarding basin control unit were proposed. Based on the principle of ＂by region, by type, by grade and by term＂, the basic framework and eonstruction approach of environmental economic policy system suitable for watershed management in China were proposed, and the economic policy means concretely expounded, such as environmental finance, environmental investment and financing, pollutant charge and pollution tax, ecological and pollution compensation, and so on. Finally, the integrated implementation mechanism of environmental economic policy system and relative policy guarantee demands were put forward.

关 键 词：流域 水质目标管理 环境经济政策 控制单元 环境税费 补偿与赔偿 

分 类 号：X-651[环境科学与工程]