超级稻沈农265生长发育特性及产量形成特点  

Growth and Development Characteristics and Yield Formation of Super Rice Shennong 265

作　　者：张喜娟[1] 李伟娟[1] 李红娇[1] 徐正进[1] 陈温福[1] 张文忠[1] 赵明辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部作物生理生态遗传育种重点开放实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻育种重点开放实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2008年第4期445-450,共6页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370866);教育部博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20050157001)资助

摘　　要：以辽粳294、辽粳371为对照品种,研究了超级稻沈农265生长发育特性及产量形成特点。结果表明:超级稻沈农265产量达10.20 t/hm2,比2个对照品种分别增产11.72%和17.38%;有效穗数、千粒重均低于对照品种,但穗粒数达162粒/穗,比对照分别多29.54%和20.28%,结实率超过了96%,比对照分别高2.55%和7.47%;茎蘖发生较少,成穗率高于80%,且与对照差异不显著;叶面积指数小,最高叶面积指数为6.81;高效叶面积所占比例较高,高效叶面积率下降缓慢;抽穗前干物质积累量相对较少,抽穗后干物质积累量多;强弱势粒灌浆属于异步灌浆型,弱势粒灌浆启动慢,但灌浆持续时间较长,籽粒充实率高;穗颈节大小维管束数目、小维管束韧皮部总面积及大小维管束韧皮部所占比例,均显著或极显著地高于2个对照品种,说明其光合产物运输系统比较发达。The characteristics of growth and development and yield formation of super rice Shennong 265 were studied by using Liaojing 294 and Laojing 371 as check varieties. The results revealed that the yield of Shennong 265 was 10. 20 t/hm^2, 11.72% and 17. 38% higher than that of Liaojing 294 and Liaojing 371, respectively. The reasons for the high yield of Shennong 265 were a little less effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight, but larger spikelet number per panicles and higher grain filling percentage,the spikelet number per panicles of super rice Shennong 265 was 162,which was 29.54% and 20. 28% higher than that of Liaojing 294 and Liaojing 371, respectively, and its grain filling percentage （over 96%） was 2. 55% and 7. 47% higher than that of Liaojing 294 and Liaojing 371, respectively. Its percentage of productive panicle was higher than 80% and no significant difference was showed between Shengnnong 265 and check varieties. Additionally, Shennong 265 exhibited fewer tillers and lower Leaf area index （the largest LAI was 6.81）, but slowly decrease of high-effective leaf area which led to higher dry matter accumulation during grain filling period, in spite of lower dry matter accumulation before heading. The filling process of superior and inferior grains of Shennong 265 was obviously asynchronous. Although the inferior grains filling phase was late, it had longer grain filling period and higher grain plumpness. Shennong 265 had more large and small vascular bundules and much bigger area of total phloem of small vascular bundle and ratio of phloem to vascular bundle in neck-panicle than check varieties,which indicated that Shennong 265 had efficient transporting system of photosynthetic products.

关 键 词：超级稻 沈农265 产量 产量构成因素 生长发育 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]