MITE转座元件在植物中的研究进展  

Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) in Plants

作　　者：温小杰[1] 张学勇[1] 郝晨阳[1] 刘旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程/农业部作物种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第8期2219-2226,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370881)

摘　　要：MITE(miniature inverted repeat transposable element)是一种新近发现的DNA转座元件,其结构与非自主元件相似,具有TIR或TSD结构,但又具有反转录转座元件的高拷贝性。MITE广泛分布于真核生物基因附近或内部,主要包括Tourist和Stowaway两种类型,通过相应的自主转座元件编码的反转录酶识别TIR序列完成扩张。它插入位点的倾向性以及高度重复性,使其在基因的表达调控和遗传进化上发挥重要的作用。本文在简要介绍MITE转座元件的结构及转座机制的基础上,综述了植物MITE元件在基因表达调控、遗传多样性评价及基因(组)进化方面的研究进展,并对MITE转座元件在植物中的应用前景进行了展望。MITEs （miniature inverted repeat transposable elements） are novel DNA transposable elements with TIR and TSD structure like nonautonomous elements, but MITE families have very high copy number as retrotransposon. They universally distribute near genes and consist of two types, Tourist and Stowaway. Their amplification and mobilization is dependent on recognition of the TIR by the transposase of the corresponding autonomous elements. The preference of gene-insertion and high copy number of MITE makes it as an efficient tool in the analysis of expression regulation and evolution analysis. In this paper, the structure and transposition mechanism of MITEs were reviewed. The current status concerning expression regulation, diversity estimation and gene （genome） evolution were introduced. The potential application of MITEs in plant genomics and diversity was also discussed.

关 键 词：转座机制 MITE 基因表达 基因多样性 基因组进化 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]