稻田套播麦共生期农田生态环境特征及对小麦生长的影响  

Characteristics of Farmland Eco-Environment at Interplanting Stage of Wheat Interplanted in Paddy and Their Effects on Wheat Growth

作　　者：许轲[1] 张洪程[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 张军[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州环境资源职业技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第8期2263-2270,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：江苏省科技厅项目(BY94506);农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-03-05B)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对比方法研究稻田套播麦共生期的农田生态环境特征及对小麦生长的影响。【方法】设置稻田套播和常规条播两种不同麦作方式进行对比试验。【结果】稻田套播麦与常规条播麦相比,麦田土壤水分含量较高,种际空气湿度日变幅为56%～100%;种际温度较低,日变化较小。土壤含水量和温度达到种子萌发所需要求。麦田地表光强为自然光强的4.2%～6.5%;土壤容重较大,穿透阻力增强。稻田套播麦种子吸水、萌发出苗速度慢,根系入土困难,叶片瘦长,光合速率低,麦苗健壮度下降,根系活力较高。随共生期延长,麦苗生长受到抑制的程度增加,缓苗期显著延长;共生期不宜超过14d。高产栽培下两种麦作方式产量差异不显著。【结论】改善稻田套播麦种际空气湿度、土壤容重和采用合理共生期,可促进稻田套播麦种子萌发出苗,提高成苗率,形成壮苗。[Objective] The farmland eco-environment of interplanting wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） in paddy at interplanting stage and its influence on wheat growth were researched through comparative analysis. [Method] Two planting types were adopted including interplanting wheat in paddy and the conventional drilling. [Result] Compared to the farmland eco-environment of conventional drilling, the farmland of interplanting wheat in paddy had higher soil water content. The diurnal change range of air humidity was from 56% to 100%. Temperature around seeds was lower with small change range. Soil water content and temperature in the farmland of interplanting wheat met the needs of seeds germination. The ground surface light intensity was 4.2%-6.5% of that of nature light. Its soil bulk density was bigger and the penetration resistance was increased. Under the condition of this ecoenvironment, the interplanting wheat seed in paddy had poor ability of uptaking water and the speed of seedling emergence was slow. The root depth was lower although its activity was vigorous. On the whole, wheat seedlings were not healthy and strong with small leaves and lower photosynthetic rate. According to the result of research, the growth of interplanting wheat seedling in paddy was restrained and the rejuvenation period was delayed with the intergrowth period extending. And a feasible symbiotic period was about 14 days. No significant differences were observed in the grain yield of the two plant types. [Conclusion] Therefore, it is possible to improve the condition of seed germination and seedling emergence of interplanting wheat in paddy through changing the air humidity, soil bulk density and adopting a symbiotic period.

关 键 词：稻田套播麦 共生期 农田生态环境 生长 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S511